Parts of this article overlaps with history of Limbuwan, Madhesh, Tharuhat & Kochila
The three southern-easternmost districts of Nepal : Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari have unique features then any other parts of Nepal.
According to 2011 census the three districts have combined population of 2.5 millions out of which 15% are Bahun, 12.4% are chhettri, 6.4% are Tharu, 6.3% are Musalman, 5.4% are Rai, 4.7% are Limbu, 4.4 are Rajbanshi, 2.4% are Kami, 2.3% are Yadav etc.
South east Nepal is also home to other indigenous people like Tajpuriya, Dhimal, Meche, Satar (Santhal), Kisan etc.
The three districts were proposed as Kochila state by UCPN Maoists in their earlier proposal. The logic behind this was the region being home to Kooch poeple (Rajbanshi) and other indigenous tribes. This proposal later was abandoned by Maoists themselves in the favor of united Mithila-Bhojpura-Koch-Madhesh state.
Tribes-------------------------------------------------------
Koach / Rajbanshi people are indigenous people. They are historical inhabitant of Jhapa & Morang districts of Nepal, northern parts of West Bengal state, and some parts of Assam and Meghalaya states of India. According to 2011 census their total population in Nepal is 115,242 out of which over 95% reside in Jhapa and Morang districts.
The word Koach (Koch or Cooch) is associated with the former "Princely state of Cooch Behar" (1586–1949) under British Raj and preceding "Kamata Kingdom" (13th century) both of which were ruled by KuchRajbanshi dynasty. The area is roughly equivalent to present Cooch Behar District of Indian West Bengal state. Some sources say that Kochs & Rajbansi initially had entirely different origin.The Kochs were of Mongoloid tribe, while the Rajbansis are a Dravidian tribe who probably owned the name long before the Koch kings rose to power. However, at present, it is nearly impossible to differentiate these two communities of separate historical origins from each other.
Tajpuriya are indigenous people native to Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal. Though they look similar to Rajbanshi (as they have similar culture, language and wear similar costume), they do not inter-merry. According to 2011 census their population is 19,213 out of which over 97% reside in the Jhapa and Morang districts.
Gangai are also known as Ganesh or Mandal. Because of their flat nose, plain face, wheatish complexion and rough curly hair, anthropologists have compared them to the Lepchas. In socio-cultural practices, they are akin to Rajansi or Koche. While the Gangais of Morang speak Maithili, the Gangais of Jhapa speak Rajbanshi.
Dhimal are another indigenous tribe native to Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal and are refereed as the 'forgotten ethnic group'. Their facial features and religious practices are close to those of the Rai and Limbu people. They speak Dhimal language which belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. According to 2011 census their population is 26,298 out of which over 92% reside in the three districts.
Meche are another indigenous tribe native to Jhapa district of Nepal and north eastern India. They are known as Bodo tribe in India. According to 2011 Nepal Census their population in Nepal is 4,867 among which over 83% live in Jhapa district alone. Thier language Mech (or Bodo Language) belongs to sino-tibetian language family.
In India Bodo is a much larger community. Their population is estimated to be about 5 million. They are demanding for separate Bodoland state from present state of Assam.
Satar (or Santhal) are the people native to South eastern Nepal, and Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa states of India. They speak Santhali language which belong to Munda sub-group of Austro-asiatic language family which is pretty rare for Nepal. According to 2011 census their population in Nepal is 51,735 out of which over 96% live in Jhapa and Morang districts. The famous Madheshi separatist Dr. CK Raut is satar too.
Kisan live in the villages of Dhulabari and Dhaijan of Jhapa District. Their language is Dravidian, and their script is Uraun. They are known by several names like Kuntam, Kuda, Kora, Mirdha, Kola, Morbha, Birhor, and Nagesia. This tribe is famous in Orissa, India. Almost 100% of Kisan people in Nepal live in Jhapa districts.
Political claims/proposals----------------------------------------------------
Limbuwan supporters claim all of the land east of Arun and Koshi river to be under "Limbuwan State". This way present 9 districts of Nepal including Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari of Terai and other 6 hill districts belong to Limbuwan. But the Limbu population in the given three districts is just about 4.7%.
Madhesh supporters claim all of the 20 terai districts of Nepal (which includes Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari as well) to be Madhesh state. During 2007/2008 Madhesh protest they had a slogan "Samagra Madhesh-ek swyatta pradesh" (all terai- an autonomous state). But now they generally accept 2 states model in terai region. Population of Madheshi people in the given three districts is about 15% limited by definition of Madheshi.
Tharuhat : some of the Tharuhat supporters claim all of 20 terai districts to be a single "Tharuhat state" where as some other claim two separate tharuhat states one in the western terai (from Nawalparasi to Kanchanpur) as "Western Tharuhat" and another one in eastern part which includes 5 terai and one hill district (namely Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha & Udayapur) as "Eastern tharuhat". But the Tharu population in the given three districts is just about 6.4%.
Kochila: some parties (previously UCPN maoist) claim the three districts should form a separate state called Kochila as the land of Koch and other indigenous tribes.
Eastern State: on the actual 7 states proposal submitted by three major political parties in Constituent assembly in Aug 2015 the three districts are included in the Eastern State which covers total 14 eastern districts (including 11 hill districts and Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari).
Tags: Coachella
=================
Further Reading:-
http://www.majheri.com/node/2469 [from Majheri.com]
आफ्नै मौलिक भाषा, संस्कृतिले परिपूर्ण ताजपरीयाहरू हिन्दू धर्मावलम्बी हुन् । यिनीहरू आफ्नो हरेक धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक कामकाजमा ब्राहृमणलाई डाक्छन् । यिनीहरू प्रत्येक धार्मिक कामकाजमा जाडरक्सीको प्रयोग गर्दछन् । यिनीहरू हिन्दूहरू धर्मका धेरैजसो चाडपर्वहरू मनाउँछन् । यो जातिमा मागि विवाह बढी प्रचलनमा छ । बिहेको सबै चाँजोपाँजो लमीले नै मिलाउँछ, जुन लमी अनिवार्यरूपमा ब्राहृमण नै हुन्छन् । एक किसिमले लमीले केटी र केटा पक्षबीच मध्यस्तकर्ताको भूमिका निभाउँछ । लमीले दुवै पक्ष बीच विवाहको लागि कुराकानी मिलाउँछ । जसलाई ताजपुरीया भाषामा 'कारुहवा'भनिन्छ । यस जातिमा पनि विभिन्न विधि व्यवहार गरी विवाह संस्कार सम्पन्न गरिन्छ । विवाह संस्कारको अन्तिम विधालाई बिसौनी भनिन्छ ।
भारतको बङ्गालीहरूको भाषासँग मिल्ने ताजपुरीयाहरू समग्रमा आर्थिक रूपले धेरै विपन्न पाइन्छ, जसको कारण यिनीहरू प्रायः जसो श्रमिकको रूपमा नै काम गरेको पाइन्छ । पोशाकमा ताजपुरीयाहरूमा लोग्ने मानिसले छोटी, लगौँटी, गञ्जी, टी-शर्ट, गम्छा लगाउँछन् । महिलाहरूले पेटानी, सारी, ब्लाउज, पाउजेव, चुडा, कानमा कुण्डल र खुट्टामा खराउ लगाउँछन् । यिनीहरू पशुपालनमा गाई, बाख्रा, हाँस, परेवाजस्ता घरपालुवा जनावरहरू पाल्ने गर्दछन् । यिनीहरू खानामा नेपाली खाना दाल-भात, तरकारी, अचार, मासु र माछा खाने गर्दछन् । चाड पर्वमा चामलका विभिन्न किसिमका परिकारहरू बनाउँछन् ।
ताजपुरिया जातिको सबभन्दा ठूला पर्व 'सिरुवा पवनी'हो, जुन नयाँ वर्षको रूपमा वैशाख १ गते मनाइन्छ । विभिन्न किसिमका परिकारहरू बनाई, नाचगान गर्दै यो पर्व यिनीहरू एक हप्ताभरि मनाउँछन् । यसको साथसाथै भदौको कृष्णपक्षमा कृष्णाष्टमी खुब धुमधामका साथ मनाउँछन् । विभिन्न पर्वहरू मनाउने क्रममा हरिबोधनी एकादशी जसमा २४ घण्टासम्म उपवास बसी ब्राहृमणलाई केही न केही दान गरेपछि मात्र अन्न जल ग्रहण गर्ने गरिन्छ । यसको साथै यिनीहरू कात्तिकमा नयाँ खबर पर्व, माघमा माघे सङ्क्रान्ति, जितिया पवनी, गितुवा पवनी जुन घटस्थापनाभन्दा ८ दिन अगाडिदेखि नै मनाइन्छ । यस पर्वमा विवाहित महिलाहरू छोरा पाउनको लागि उपवास बस्छिन् । यस पर्वका आइमाइहरू पोखरीमा दुई वटा साना साना माछा र जितुवाको फूल बाँसको सानो डुङ्गामा राखेर बगाउँछिन् । यसकोसाथै पर्वको रूपमा तिहारमा गोवर्द्धन पूजा गर्दछन् जसमा आफ्ना गाईवस्तुहरूलाई नुहाईधुवाई गरी मीठो खानेकुरादिइन्छ । जसलाई पखेवा भनिन्छ । यस पर्वमा गाईको गोबरको गोवर्द्धन पर्वत बनाई पूजा गरिन्छ ।
यो जातिको मुख्य पेशा कृषि हो । कृषिमा यिनीहरूले मुख्य रूपले धान, गहुँ, जौ, फापरको खेती गर्दछ । खेतीपातीबाट वर्षभरि आफ्नो छाक टार्न नसकिने हुनाले आफ्नो जीविकोपार्जनको लागि अरूको खेतमा मजदुरी, विभिन्न किसिमका व्यापार व्यवसाय गर्दछन् । प्रायः जसो ताजपुरीयारू गरिबी, अशिक्षाको रेखामुनि नै आफ्नो जीवन बिताइरहेका छन् ।
The three southern-easternmost districts of Nepal : Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari have unique features then any other parts of Nepal.
According to 2011 census the three districts have combined population of 2.5 millions out of which 15% are Bahun, 12.4% are chhettri, 6.4% are Tharu, 6.3% are Musalman, 5.4% are Rai, 4.7% are Limbu, 4.4 are Rajbanshi, 2.4% are Kami, 2.3% are Yadav etc.
South east Nepal is also home to other indigenous people like Tajpuriya, Dhimal, Meche, Satar (Santhal), Kisan etc.
The three districts were proposed as Kochila state by UCPN Maoists in their earlier proposal. The logic behind this was the region being home to Kooch poeple (Rajbanshi) and other indigenous tribes. This proposal later was abandoned by Maoists themselves in the favor of united Mithila-Bhojpura-Koch-Madhesh state.
Tribes-------------------------------------------------------
Koach / Rajbanshi people are indigenous people. They are historical inhabitant of Jhapa & Morang districts of Nepal, northern parts of West Bengal state, and some parts of Assam and Meghalaya states of India. According to 2011 census their total population in Nepal is 115,242 out of which over 95% reside in Jhapa and Morang districts.
The word Koach (Koch or Cooch) is associated with the former "Princely state of Cooch Behar" (1586–1949) under British Raj and preceding "Kamata Kingdom" (13th century) both of which were ruled by KuchRajbanshi dynasty. The area is roughly equivalent to present Cooch Behar District of Indian West Bengal state. Some sources say that Kochs & Rajbansi initially had entirely different origin.The Kochs were of Mongoloid tribe, while the Rajbansis are a Dravidian tribe who probably owned the name long before the Koch kings rose to power. However, at present, it is nearly impossible to differentiate these two communities of separate historical origins from each other.
Tajpuriya are indigenous people native to Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal. Though they look similar to Rajbanshi (as they have similar culture, language and wear similar costume), they do not inter-merry. According to 2011 census their population is 19,213 out of which over 97% reside in the Jhapa and Morang districts.
Gangai are also known as Ganesh or Mandal. Because of their flat nose, plain face, wheatish complexion and rough curly hair, anthropologists have compared them to the Lepchas. In socio-cultural practices, they are akin to Rajansi or Koche. While the Gangais of Morang speak Maithili, the Gangais of Jhapa speak Rajbanshi.
Dhimal are another indigenous tribe native to Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal and are refereed as the 'forgotten ethnic group'. Their facial features and religious practices are close to those of the Rai and Limbu people. They speak Dhimal language which belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. According to 2011 census their population is 26,298 out of which over 92% reside in the three districts.
Meche are another indigenous tribe native to Jhapa district of Nepal and north eastern India. They are known as Bodo tribe in India. According to 2011 Nepal Census their population in Nepal is 4,867 among which over 83% live in Jhapa district alone. Thier language Mech (or Bodo Language) belongs to sino-tibetian language family.
In India Bodo is a much larger community. Their population is estimated to be about 5 million. They are demanding for separate Bodoland state from present state of Assam.
Satar (or Santhal) are the people native to South eastern Nepal, and Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa states of India. They speak Santhali language which belong to Munda sub-group of Austro-asiatic language family which is pretty rare for Nepal. According to 2011 census their population in Nepal is 51,735 out of which over 96% live in Jhapa and Morang districts. The famous Madheshi separatist Dr. CK Raut is satar too.
Kisan live in the villages of Dhulabari and Dhaijan of Jhapa District. Their language is Dravidian, and their script is Uraun. They are known by several names like Kuntam, Kuda, Kora, Mirdha, Kola, Morbha, Birhor, and Nagesia. This tribe is famous in Orissa, India. Almost 100% of Kisan people in Nepal live in Jhapa districts.
Political claims/proposals----------------------------------------------------
Limbuwan supporters claim all of the land east of Arun and Koshi river to be under "Limbuwan State". This way present 9 districts of Nepal including Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari of Terai and other 6 hill districts belong to Limbuwan. But the Limbu population in the given three districts is just about 4.7%.
Madhesh supporters claim all of the 20 terai districts of Nepal (which includes Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari as well) to be Madhesh state. During 2007/2008 Madhesh protest they had a slogan "Samagra Madhesh-ek swyatta pradesh" (all terai- an autonomous state). But now they generally accept 2 states model in terai region. Population of Madheshi people in the given three districts is about 15% limited by definition of Madheshi.
Tharuhat : some of the Tharuhat supporters claim all of 20 terai districts to be a single "Tharuhat state" where as some other claim two separate tharuhat states one in the western terai (from Nawalparasi to Kanchanpur) as "Western Tharuhat" and another one in eastern part which includes 5 terai and one hill district (namely Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha & Udayapur) as "Eastern tharuhat". But the Tharu population in the given three districts is just about 6.4%.
Kochila: some parties (previously UCPN maoist) claim the three districts should form a separate state called Kochila as the land of Koch and other indigenous tribes.
Eastern State: on the actual 7 states proposal submitted by three major political parties in Constituent assembly in Aug 2015 the three districts are included in the Eastern State which covers total 14 eastern districts (including 11 hill districts and Jhapa, Morang & Sunsari).
Tags: Coachella
=================
Further Reading:-
http://www.majheri.com/node/2469 [from Majheri.com]
आफ्नैपनमा रमाएको जाति ताजपुरिया
ताजपुरीयाहरूको मूलथलो नेपालको पूर्वी जिल्लाहरू झापा र मोरङ हो । नेपालकै पूर्वी जिल्ला झापा र मोरङमा बसोबास गर्ने राजवंशी र यिनीहरू हेर्दा उस्तै उस्तै देखिन्छ । भेषभूषा, भाषा संस्कृति उस्तै उस्तै देखिए तापनि यी दुई जातिहरू बीच विहावारी हुँदैन ।आफ्नै मौलिक भाषा, संस्कृतिले परिपूर्ण ताजपरीयाहरू हिन्दू धर्मावलम्बी हुन् । यिनीहरू आफ्नो हरेक धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक कामकाजमा ब्राहृमणलाई डाक्छन् । यिनीहरू प्रत्येक धार्मिक कामकाजमा जाडरक्सीको प्रयोग गर्दछन् । यिनीहरू हिन्दूहरू धर्मका धेरैजसो चाडपर्वहरू मनाउँछन् । यो जातिमा मागि विवाह बढी प्रचलनमा छ । बिहेको सबै चाँजोपाँजो लमीले नै मिलाउँछ, जुन लमी अनिवार्यरूपमा ब्राहृमण नै हुन्छन् । एक किसिमले लमीले केटी र केटा पक्षबीच मध्यस्तकर्ताको भूमिका निभाउँछ । लमीले दुवै पक्ष बीच विवाहको लागि कुराकानी मिलाउँछ । जसलाई ताजपुरीया भाषामा 'कारुहवा'भनिन्छ । यस जातिमा पनि विभिन्न विधि व्यवहार गरी विवाह संस्कार सम्पन्न गरिन्छ । विवाह संस्कारको अन्तिम विधालाई बिसौनी भनिन्छ ।
भारतको बङ्गालीहरूको भाषासँग मिल्ने ताजपुरीयाहरू समग्रमा आर्थिक रूपले धेरै विपन्न पाइन्छ, जसको कारण यिनीहरू प्रायः जसो श्रमिकको रूपमा नै काम गरेको पाइन्छ । पोशाकमा ताजपुरीयाहरूमा लोग्ने मानिसले छोटी, लगौँटी, गञ्जी, टी-शर्ट, गम्छा लगाउँछन् । महिलाहरूले पेटानी, सारी, ब्लाउज, पाउजेव, चुडा, कानमा कुण्डल र खुट्टामा खराउ लगाउँछन् । यिनीहरू पशुपालनमा गाई, बाख्रा, हाँस, परेवाजस्ता घरपालुवा जनावरहरू पाल्ने गर्दछन् । यिनीहरू खानामा नेपाली खाना दाल-भात, तरकारी, अचार, मासु र माछा खाने गर्दछन् । चाड पर्वमा चामलका विभिन्न किसिमका परिकारहरू बनाउँछन् ।
ताजपुरिया जातिको सबभन्दा ठूला पर्व 'सिरुवा पवनी'हो, जुन नयाँ वर्षको रूपमा वैशाख १ गते मनाइन्छ । विभिन्न किसिमका परिकारहरू बनाई, नाचगान गर्दै यो पर्व यिनीहरू एक हप्ताभरि मनाउँछन् । यसको साथसाथै भदौको कृष्णपक्षमा कृष्णाष्टमी खुब धुमधामका साथ मनाउँछन् । विभिन्न पर्वहरू मनाउने क्रममा हरिबोधनी एकादशी जसमा २४ घण्टासम्म उपवास बसी ब्राहृमणलाई केही न केही दान गरेपछि मात्र अन्न जल ग्रहण गर्ने गरिन्छ । यसको साथै यिनीहरू कात्तिकमा नयाँ खबर पर्व, माघमा माघे सङ्क्रान्ति, जितिया पवनी, गितुवा पवनी जुन घटस्थापनाभन्दा ८ दिन अगाडिदेखि नै मनाइन्छ । यस पर्वमा विवाहित महिलाहरू छोरा पाउनको लागि उपवास बस्छिन् । यस पर्वका आइमाइहरू पोखरीमा दुई वटा साना साना माछा र जितुवाको फूल बाँसको सानो डुङ्गामा राखेर बगाउँछिन् । यसकोसाथै पर्वको रूपमा तिहारमा गोवर्द्धन पूजा गर्दछन् जसमा आफ्ना गाईवस्तुहरूलाई नुहाईधुवाई गरी मीठो खानेकुरादिइन्छ । जसलाई पखेवा भनिन्छ । यस पर्वमा गाईको गोबरको गोवर्द्धन पर्वत बनाई पूजा गरिन्छ ।
यो जातिको मुख्य पेशा कृषि हो । कृषिमा यिनीहरूले मुख्य रूपले धान, गहुँ, जौ, फापरको खेती गर्दछ । खेतीपातीबाट वर्षभरि आफ्नो छाक टार्न नसकिने हुनाले आफ्नो जीविकोपार्जनको लागि अरूको खेतमा मजदुरी, विभिन्न किसिमका व्यापार व्यवसाय गर्दछन् । प्रायः जसो ताजपुरीयारू गरिबी, अशिक्षाको रेखामुनि नै आफ्नो जीवन बिताइरहेका छन् ।