This post intends to list all parts of human anatomy in english and its Nepali translation if available. Use Ctrl+F or Command+F in mac to find your word.
Anatomic locations
Neurological system
Central nervous system (CNS)
Parietal lobe:
- somatosensory cortex: processing sensory information like touch, temperature, and pain.
Occipital lobe:
- primary visual cortex: interpreting incoming visual information.
Temporal lobe:
Integumentary system
Epidermis
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale (melanocyte)
- sweat pore
Dermis
- Connective tissues (collagen and elastin)
- Blood capillaries (the smallest of blood vessels) and other small vessels
- Lymph vessels
- Sweat glands duct
- Sebaceous/oil glands
- Nerve endings
- Touch receptors
- Hair follicle (there are about 2 million hair follicles in the body)
Hypodermis/ subcutaneous layer/ superficial fascia
- Adipose tissue (storage site for body fat)
- Blood vessels (arteriole, venule)
Circulatory system & Hematology
Blood anatomy/ Hematology
1. Plasma (~55%) [liquid] *Cerum is Plasma without fibrinogen
- 90% water
- 8% protein: Albumin (bleeding), Antibody, fibrinogen (clotting), etc
- 2% Hormones (Insulin), Electrolytes (eg Na, K), nutrients (Glucose)
2. WBC/ leukocyte & platelets (<1%) [fights infection]
- neutrophil 55-70% of WBC, life >1 day.
- T-lymphocyte [ attack infected cells]
- B-lymphocyte [make antibody]
Platelets /thrombocytes (fragments of cells helps in blood clotting)
- Thrombocytopenia : low platelets, bleeding
- Thrombocytosis: hight platelets, clotting
3. RBC/ erythrocytes (~45 %):
- protein (hemoglobin) [deliver O2 and nutrients]
- Hematocrit = RBC volume/ Total volume [high hematocrit : polycythemia, low hematocrit= anemia]
*7-8% of total body weight is blood, average male las 12 pint blood in body, women has 9 pint
*Centrifuge machine, fast spinning doing centrifugation, divides blood by weight in 3 layers, top layer least densed
*erythropoietin hormone produced by Kidney controls production of RBC
*RBC survives approximately 120 days
Circulatory system
Heart Chambers (4): right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Valves (4): Tricuspid/ Atrioventricular valve, Pulmonary Valve, Mitral valve, Aortic valve
Right atrium fed by: Superior vena cava, Inferior Vena cava, many of anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins, and the coronary sinus (from heart muscle- Myocardium)
SA node (top left) & AV node (bottom right of right atrium) give electrical impulse
-Electrical impulse myocytes: Inter-nodal tracts (3), Bachmann's bundle, bundle of his, right bundle branch, left bundle branch (posterior and anterior fascicle)
Abdomino = Abdomin
Anatomic locations
- Transverse/ axial / horizontal plane = divide upper and lower half (~ superior - inferior)
- Frontal / coronal plane = divides vertically from front to back (~ Anterior - posterior)
- Sagittal/ longitudinal palne = divides vertically from right to left
- Anterior/Ventral - Posterior/Dorsal = Agaadi (अगाडि) - Pachhaadi (पछाडी)
- Medial/Inner - Lateral/Outer = Bhitri (भित्री)- Baahiri (बाहिरी)
- Superior - Inferior = upper - lower
- Proximal - Distal = near or far from main body (shoulder is proximal than hand)
- Central - Peripheral = ~ proximal - distal, related to main body- r/t limbs
- Superficial - deep = close - far from surface
- Cranial - caudal= towards head or tail
Neurological system
Central nervous system (CNS)
* Brain
> Cerebrum
Frontal lobe:
- motor cortex: planning and coordinating movement
- prefrontal cortex: higher-level cognitive functioning
- Broca’s area: language production
>> Cerebral cortex: a thin layer of the brain that covers the outer portion (1.5mm to 5mm) of the cerebrum, aka gray matter, covered by the meninges. It has 4 lobes
Frontal lobe:
- motor cortex: planning and coordinating movement
- prefrontal cortex: higher-level cognitive functioning
- Broca’s area: language production
Parietal lobe:
- somatosensory cortex: processing sensory information like touch, temperature, and pain.
Occipital lobe:
- primary visual cortex: interpreting incoming visual information.
Temporal lobe:
- auditory cortex: processing auditory information
- Wernicke’s area: speech comprehension
>> Corpus callosum: thick fiber that connect left and right hemispheres of brain
- Wernicke’s area: speech comprehension
>> Corpus callosum: thick fiber that connect left and right hemispheres of brain
> Cerebellum: role in motor control
> Other parts the brain
- Hippocampus: role in learning and memory
- Thalamus: relays sensory information
- Hypothalamus: both endocrine & nervous system,
- Pituitary gland: ENDOCRINE, master gland
- Brainstem (joins upper part of brain to spinal cord):
* midbrain:vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wake, alertness, temperature regulation
* pons: includes neural pathways and tracts
* medulla oblongata : vomiting to sneezing
* midbrain:vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wake, alertness, temperature regulation
* pons: includes neural pathways and tracts
* medulla oblongata : vomiting to sneezing
- 12 cranial nerves: relay information between the brain and parts of the body. It can be seen on the ventral (bottom) surface of the brain. They are part of CNS and PNS.
* Spinal cord
- 40 to 50 cm long and 1 cm to 1.5 cm in diameter
- joins to medulla oblongata of brain on top and ends at Conus medullaris/ conus terminalis in around L1, L2 region on bottom.
Regions: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
Central canal,
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- connects CNS to limbs and organs
Integumentary system
Epidermis
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale (melanocyte)
- sweat pore
Dermis
- Connective tissues (collagen and elastin)
- Blood capillaries (the smallest of blood vessels) and other small vessels
- Lymph vessels
- Sweat glands duct
- Sebaceous/oil glands
- Nerve endings
- Touch receptors
- Hair follicle (there are about 2 million hair follicles in the body)
Hypodermis/ subcutaneous layer/ superficial fascia
- Adipose tissue (storage site for body fat)
- Blood vessels (arteriole, venule)
Circulatory system & Hematology
Blood anatomy/ Hematology
1. Plasma (~55%) [liquid] *Cerum is Plasma without fibrinogen
- 90% water
- 8% protein: Albumin (bleeding), Antibody, fibrinogen (clotting), etc
- 2% Hormones (Insulin), Electrolytes (eg Na, K), nutrients (Glucose)
2. WBC/ leukocyte & platelets (<1%) [fights infection]
- neutrophil 55-70% of WBC, life >1 day.
- T-lymphocyte [ attack infected cells]
- B-lymphocyte [make antibody]
Platelets /thrombocytes (fragments of cells helps in blood clotting)
- Thrombocytopenia : low platelets, bleeding
- Thrombocytosis: hight platelets, clotting
3. RBC/ erythrocytes (~45 %):
- protein (hemoglobin) [deliver O2 and nutrients]
- Hematocrit = RBC volume/ Total volume [high hematocrit : polycythemia, low hematocrit= anemia]
*7-8% of total body weight is blood, average male las 12 pint blood in body, women has 9 pint
*Centrifuge machine, fast spinning doing centrifugation, divides blood by weight in 3 layers, top layer least densed
*erythropoietin hormone produced by Kidney controls production of RBC
*RBC survives approximately 120 days
Circulatory system
Heart Chambers (4): right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Valves (4): Tricuspid/ Atrioventricular valve, Pulmonary Valve, Mitral valve, Aortic valve
Right atrium fed by: Superior vena cava, Inferior Vena cava, many of anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins, and the coronary sinus (from heart muscle- Myocardium)
SA node (top left) & AV node (bottom right of right atrium) give electrical impulse
-Electrical impulse myocytes: Inter-nodal tracts (3), Bachmann's bundle, bundle of his, right bundle branch, left bundle branch (posterior and anterior fascicle)
Abdomino = Abdomin
Adeno = Gland
Entero= intestine (Enteroscopy = procedure to view intestine)
Colo= large intestine (colitis = colon inflammation)
Chole= bile, gall (Cholecystitis= gallbladder inflammation)
Procto= anus/rectumproctitis, proctologist
Hepato= liverhepatitis, hepatomegaly
Nephro/rene= kidneynephrosis, renal artery
Pneumo/pulmo= lungpneumonitis, pulmonologist
Appendo/Appendico = Appendix
Oophoro= ovaryoophorectomy
Hystero/metro=uterushysterectomy, endometritis
Salpingo= uterine tubeshysterosalpingogram
Cysto= bladdercystitis
Colpo = vegina (colpostopy= closely examining vegina)
Phallo = Penis (phalloplasty= reconstruction of penis)
Ano = Anus
Chiro = hand (Chiropractic =adjustment with hand)
Podo = Foot (podiatrist = foot doctor)
Dactylo = finger, toes
Unguo = Nail
Dermo= skin (dermatitis)
Hemo/emia= blood (hematologist, anemia)
Myo = muscle (Myopathy=muscle disease)
Arthro / articulo = Joint
Artero/Arterio = Artery
Masto/mammo= breast (mammography=breast x-ray)
Stetho = Chest (Stethescope = instrument to observe chest)
Gastro= stomach (gastritis = stomach lining inflammation)Stetho = Chest (Stethescope = instrument to observe chest)
Entero= intestine (Enteroscopy = procedure to view intestine)
Colo= large intestine (colitis = colon inflammation)
Chole= bile, gall (Cholecystitis= gallbladder inflammation)
Procto= anus/rectumproctitis, proctologist
Hepato= liverhepatitis, hepatomegaly
Nephro/rene= kidneynephrosis, renal artery
Pneumo/pulmo= lungpneumonitis, pulmonologist
Appendo/Appendico = Appendix
Cardio= heart (electrocardiogram-ECG= record of heart's electric activity)
Spino = Spine
Orchido= testisorchiditis, orchidectomySpino = Spine
Oophoro= ovaryoophorectomy
Hystero/metro=uterushysterectomy, endometritis
Salpingo= uterine tubeshysterosalpingogram
Cysto= bladdercystitis
Colpo = vegina (colpostopy= closely examining vegina)
Phallo = Penis (phalloplasty= reconstruction of penis)
Ano = Anus
Chiro = hand (Chiropractic =adjustment with hand)
Podo = Foot (podiatrist = foot doctor)
Dactylo = finger, toes
Unguo = Nail
Dermo= skin (dermatitis)
Osteo= bones (osteoporosis)
Phlebo/veno= veins (phlebitis, phlebotomy)Hemo/emia= blood (hematologist, anemia)
Myo = muscle (Myopathy=muscle disease)
Arthro / articulo = Joint
Artero/Arterio = Artery