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Most common elderly medical conditions & diseases

March 3, 2018, 2:12 pm
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Diseases and medical conditions most commonly found among the elders.

* Asthma: a condition of difficulty in breathing when a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus.
* Chronic Bronchitis: cough & sputum. Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. Chronic lasts for at least 3 months, 2 years in a row.
* Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
* Influenza and Pneumonia
* Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

* Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and food. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. A stroke is a medical emergency.


* Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
* Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
* High cholesterol/ hypercholesterolemia: High amounts of cholesterol in the blood. It may develop fatty deposits in blood vessels eventually making it difficult for enough blood to flow through arteries. heart may not get as much oxygen-rich blood as it needs, which increases the risk of a heart attack. Decreased blood flow to brain can cause a stroke.
* Diabetes: Over five million elderly people in the US have diabetes.
* Hypertension: High Blood pressure. A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
* Obesity

* Dementia: memory loss. group of symptoms that interferes with daily functioning. Treatment can help, but this condition can't be cured.
* Alzheimer's disease: most common dementia (50-70%). 
* Parkinson’s Disease (10% of dementia). when scattered Lewy bodies accumulate in the specific area of the brain. 
* Epilepsy: sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness.
* Multiple Sclerosis: A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves disrupting communication between the brain and the body.
* Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) / motor neuron disease (MND) : neurological disease that  causes muscle weakness, disability and eventually death.
* Motor Neurone Disease:  a group of diseases that affect the nerves (motor neurones) in the brain and spinal cord that tell your muscles what to do
* Depression

* Arthritis
* Osteoporosis: bones to become weak and brittle, that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture.
* Paget’s Disease of the Bone
* Bedsores / pressure ulcers

* Hyperthyroidism / Hypothyroidism
* Blindness
* Cataracts: clouding of the eye's natural lens
* Cancer
* Shingles: like chicken pox. one out of three people over 60 will get shingles, and 50 percent of all Americans will experience it before they’re 80.


* Chronic Kidney Disease
* Enlarged prostate
* Incontinence and constipation
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Most common childhood illness

March 3, 2018, 7:35 pm
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Illness, diseases and medical conditions most commonly found among children.

Chickenpox is a mild and common childhood illness, but can also occur in adults. Cool baths, loose comfortable clothes and calamine lotion can all ease the itchiness from chickenpox.

Coughs, colds and ear infections in children: It’s normal for a child to have 8 or more colds per year.

Croup is an upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough. Croup targets the windpipe and voice box. It is most often caused by viruses, and lasts for a week or less. Its very common in children under 5 years old. 200,000 US cases per year.

Symptoms:
Usually starts with a sudden onset of barky cough and stridor, which gets worse at night,
Runny nose,
Fever,
Other cold-like symptoms,

Use a cool mist humidifier or run a hot shower, and sit with your child in the steamed-up bathroom for 10 minutes. Breathing in moist air is always good.  Also if it is a cool, moist night take your child outside with a coat and hat and let her breathe in the night air. Steroids, cool mist and breathing treatments are sometimes given to decrease airway swelling.

Diarrhea and vomiting

Fever and high temperature are quite common in young children and usually they are mild.

Food allergies : Does your family have a history of eczema, asthma, hay fever or food allergies?  Peanut allergy can cause a serious reaction in children.

Measles : Anyone can get measles if they haven't been vaccinated (MMR) or haven't had measles before, but it's most common in kids.

Mumps is a contagious viral infection, most common in children between 5 and 15 years. Mumps is most common in children. These days it’s rare thanks to effective immunization (MMR).

Rubella (also known as German measles) is best prevented by the MMR vaccination. Mild fever of 100.4 degrees F or more is a common symptom of rubella.

Whooping cough (Pertussis) is a highly contagious bacterial infection and most serious in babies. Whooping cough is serious in babies. Anyone can catch this bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes, but infants  under 12 months old are the most likely to get seriously ill from it.

Symptoms:
Cold-like symptoms
few days later cough gets worse, and a “whooping” sound may be heard as child gasps for air.

Antibiotics can sometimes help by easing the symptoms, if treated early. Babies are often hospitalized so staff can monitor their breathing.

It is very easy to catch. Your baby should start getting vaccines at 2 months old. Parents and older children need to get vaccinated to protect the baby. A woman should also get a pertussis shot while she is pregnant. Pertussis lasts five years and would still be effective during other pregnancies during that time.


RSV : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an infection of the airways. It usually isn’t serious, but if your child is under 2, or has a heart or lung disease or a weak immune system, it can inflame the lungs and cause pneumonia.

Symptoms:
Cold-like symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion and cough
Irritability and breathing problems in infants
Talk with your doctor about ways to ease your child’s symptoms. A drug called palivizumab (Synagis) can be used to prevent RSV in high risk infants.

Fifth Disease
Another viral illness, fifth disease is common in kids ages 5 to 15.

A child with sickle cell anemia or a weak immune system can become very ill from fifth disease. It can also be serious in pregnant women.

Symptoms:
Low fever
Cold symptoms (like runny nose)
Swollen joints
A few days later a bright red rash appears, usually on the face, then spreads down the body. By the time the rash appears, the illness is no longer contagious. It can take 1 to 3 weeks for the rash to go away. In some children, the rash may itch, and the joints may ache.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
This contagious viral illness usually isn’t serious. Children under age 5 are most likely to catch it, through saliva, fluid from blisters and possibly viral shedding through stool.

Symptoms:
Fever
Sore throat
Poor appetite
A few days later Painful sores may develop in the back of the throat & Skin rash typically on the palms and soles can occur, but can also occur on the trunk and diaper region. It usually clears up in 7 to 10 days without treatment.

Scarlet Fever: This bacterial infection is caused by group A strep.  (It was once a deadly disease, but now it’s easily treatable.)

Symptoms:
Sore throat
Scarlet-colored rash around the neck and face that may spread to the rest of the body.
If the strep test is positive, it is important to treat it with a round of antibiotics to prevent rare but serious complications.

Impetigo: This skin infection is most common in younger children. It starts when staph or strep bacteria gets in a cut, scratch, or bite. It can affect any area of the body but happens most often around the mouth, nose, and hands. Babies sometimes get the irritation in their diaper area.


Symptoms:
Tiny blisters that burst. Fluid from the sores creates a crust that looks like a coat of honey.
Touching or scratching the sores, which can be itchy, spreads impetigo to other parts of the body and to other people.

An antibiotic ointment, and sometimes an oral antibiotic, can treat it.

Kawasaki Disease: This childhood illness inflames blood vessels throughout the body. It is very rare, and the cause is unknown. Boys under age 5 of Asian or Pacific Island descent are most likely to get it. Most get well within weeks. But if it affects the arteries to the heart, it can cause serious, long term problems.

Symptoms:
Fever that lasts 5 or more days,
Red eyes,
Red lips or tongue and redness on the hands and feet,
Rash,
Swollen lymph node,
There is no way to prevent this disease, but it is not contagious. Early treatment is key.

Reye’s Syndrome: This very rare illness can come on suddenly. Children under age 15 who are getting over a viral illness like chickenpox or the flu are most likely to get it. It can be serious and cause damage to the liver and brain.

Symptoms:
Vomiting,
Lack of energy,
Irritability or aggression,
Later Irrational behavior, Confusion, Seizures
The best way to treat Reye's syndrome is to prevent it. It is strongly linked to aspirin, so never give your child or teen aspirin, especially for a viral illness.

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Common Pain Medications

March 10, 2018, 12:58 pm
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Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers

* Acetaminophen / Paracetamol: it works on the parts of the brain that receive the pain messages.
> Tylenol® USA, Calpol® UK, Panadol® Australia, Citamol ® India-Nepal

* NSAIDs : Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs block the COX enzymes and reduce prostaglandins throughout the body. As a consequence, ongoing inflammation, pain, and fever are reduced. Since the prostaglandins that protect the stomach and support platelets and blood clotting also are reduced, NSAIDs can cause ulcers in the stomach and promote bleeding. Using NSAIDs also increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney problems.

> ibuprofen (Motrin®, Advil®, Brufen:UK-India)
> naproxen (Aleve®, Naprosyn®)
> Aspirin : (Bayer Aspirin®)

* Mixed (Acetaminophen & NSAIDs etc)
> Midol®: used for menstrual cramps
> Brucet® India

* Topical (creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain from sore muscles and arthritis.)

> Lidocaine (Aspercreme®): used to treat minor aches and pains of the muscles/joints, foot etc.  It works by causing a temporary loss of feeling in the area where you apply the patch.

> Menthol and methyl salicylate (Ben-Gay®, Icy Hot® balms or heat rubs): The ingredients cause a cooling sensation followed by a warming sensation that distracts patients from the pain by blocking pain signals sent to the brain.

> Capzasin-P : Capsaicin is the stuff in chili peppers that makes your mouth feel hot. When you put this on skin, It helps block pain messages to your nerves. Side effects: Redness and swelling, Soreness, Dryness, Burning and itching, Pain.

Prescription Pain Relievers

* Opioids: Opioids are often used for acute pain, such as short-term pain after surgery. Opioids are narcotic pain medications that contain natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic opiates (a drug derived from opium).  Side effects: Drowsiness, Nausea, Constipation, Itching, Breathing problems, Addiction.

> Morphine
> Oxycodone
> Fentanyl
> Codeine

* Corticosteroids: When used to control pain, they are generally given in the form of pills or injections that target a certain joint. Prescription corticosteroids are strong medicines. Side effects: Weight gain, Upset stomach, Headache, Mood changes, Trouble sleeping, Weakened immune system, Thinning of the bones

> prednisone
> prednisolone
> methylprednisolone

* Antidepressants: can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. Side effects: Blurry vision, Constipation, Difficulty urinating, Dry mouth, Fatigue, Nausea, Headache.

> Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as citalopram (Celexa), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft)
> Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Silenor), imipramine (Tofranil), and nortriptyline (Pamelor)
> Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta)

* Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications): typically used to treat seizure. Some can treat pain as well.  The exact way in which these medicines control pain is unclear. Drowsiness, Dizziness, Fatigue, Nausea.

> carbamazepine (Tegretol)
> gabapentin (Neurontin)
> pregabalin (Lyrica).

* Lidocaine (Lidoderm) patches
* Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Therapy: electrical stimulation used for pain management for short-term pain relief.
* Intra-discal electrothermal therapy (IDET) used for low back pain resulting from intervertebral disc problems. Heat is used to modify the nerve fibers of a spinal disc and to destroy pain receptors in the certain area.

10 most Addictive Pain Medications

Fentanyl / Opioid (brand names: Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze)

Oxycodone / Opioid (brand: OxyContin)

Morphine / Opioid (brand : Duramorph and MS Contin)

Codeine / Opioid

Meperidine (brand: Demerol)

Hydrocodone (brand: Vicodin, Norco, Zohydro etc)

Percocet (combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone)

Methadone (brand: Dolophine, Methadose)

hydromorphone (brand: Dilaudid)

Oxymorphone (brand: Opana, Numorphan, Numorphone)
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Genres of Nepali language music

December 25, 2017, 3:01 am
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Genres of Nepali language music industry consists local genres and some international inspirations.

Traditional genres / Folk

Lok geet / Folk songs: Lok geet is the music originated from the rural areas of Nepal. In early recording years both lyrics & tune of Lok geet used to be directly collected from rural areas. Modern lok geet are written and arranged by professional lyricist and musicians who try to give strong rural flavor in their work. Many movie play-back and individually recorded lok geets break into the mainstream music arena every year.

Lok Dohori / Folk duet: its a type of Nepali Folk song usually sung by two teams of men and women. It is in the form of question and answer where a team sings a question and the opponent replies through an equally lyrical impromptu couplet and vice versa. It also originated in the rural areas of Nepal and now popular in both rural and urban settlements.  Typical dohori songs are usually longer than regular songs. Dohori song can be 10 minutes to 1 hour long.

Deuda song: its a type of folk song popular in far western and karnali provinces of Nepal. Deuda culture has a unique singing and dancing style which stand out among other folk songs. Deuda genre has 4 four mains sub sections: hadi Bhakha, Rateri, Hudkeuli and Dhamari.

Teej Songs : Its a type of a folk song related to the Hindu festival of teej. It not a devotional song. Its popular among women and widely played during the Teej festival which usually falls in the month of august. Many singers launch their teej songs targeting the festival every year. Lyrics of teej song generally covers the issues of marriage, love, husband-wife, relatives etc.

Bhajan / devotional songs / hymn : Nepali bhajans are mostly about Hindu god, goddess, spirituality etc. Bhajan music are mostly soft and traditional instruments like harmonium, bamboo flute etc are used. They are played in certain festival or rituals or in devotional programs. They are not played as a mainstream music.
Modern genres / Regular Nepali

Sugam Sangeet / Aadhunik Geet / Modern songs: Its one of the major genre in Nepali music. Tunes used in Sugam sangeet are soft and lyrics are generally about love, romance, relationship, life, break-ups, pain etc. This genre can be considered mainstream as it is popular among all ages. Singers like Narayan Gopal, Ramkrisha Dhakal, Shiva Pariyar, Pramod Kharel, Anju Pant, Jagdish Samal, Swaroop Raj Acharya, Raj Sigdel etc are the key figures in this genre.

Ghazal songs: ghazal is a type of poetry which can be recited like poem or sung like songs. Ghazal songs usually have soft music like Sugam Sangeet. It is popular among specific set of adult people. Very few ghazal songs have gained wide popularity in Nepal. Narendra Pyasi, Nisha Desar, Thaneshwor Gautam, Manita Rai, Anju pant are some of the ghazal singers in Nepal. A ghazal released in 2009 "Na birse timilai na paye timilai", sung by Anju Pant, got widespread popularity in Nepal setting a new milestone for Nepali ghazal songs.

Westernized genres  

Nepali Pop Song: are popular among teenage and young adults. Lyrics are mostly about love and relationship and Western instruments like guitar, drums, keyboards are used. Pop songs got wide popularity in Nepal since 90s. legendary singers like Om Bikram Bista, Nabin K bhattarai, Sugam Pokhrel, Anil Singh, Sabin Rai, Adrian Pradhan, Raju Lama, Nima Rumba, Dhiraj Rai, Cool Pokhrel, Deepak Bajracharya to present day singers like Neetesh Jung Kunwar, Sajjan Raj Vaidya, Swoopna Suman have sung many Nepali pop songs.

> Nepali Pop-Folk:  these are lok (folk) lyrics and tune with pop/western instruments. Singer Bipul Chhettri has sung this kind of songs.

> Nepali Pop - Folk- Rock: mix the local lyrics and musical instruments with western instruments and rock music. Great bands of Nepal like Nepathya and 1974 AD follow this tradition. This kind Songs covers wide range of topic from  love, relationship, work, problems, nation to culture.

Nepali Rock / Metal: like other pop genres it is also relatively new in Nepali music. Its popular among younger people. Popular Bands in this genre are Robin and looza, Mukti and revival, Cobweb etc.

Nepali Hip Hop / Nephop  / Rap : its popular among some of the young people. Musically it follows western hip hop. Lyrics typically consists problems of Nepali youth like love-sex, study, future, drugs, immigration to foreign countries etc. Some rappers talk about political issues as well.

Filmy songs: songs included in the Nepali feature films covers a big chunk of Nepali recorded music. Usually a typical Nepali movie include 3 to 5 songs. These songs consists various genres to support the story line of the movie. The most used genres are Lok geet (folk), Sugam Sangeet (modern) and item numbers. Top viewed songs in youtube like Kutu ma kutu, Purba Paschim Rail, Ye daju nasamau etc are all "Filmy songs" of Lok (folk) genre.

Item numbers: are dance songs, usually with fast music which sometimes include double meaning lyrics. These songs usually have catchy pick up line. Item numbers may not be related to the story line of the movie. Usually one item number is included in the movie. Productions houses push item numbers to get more public attention for the movie. But sometimes items numbers gets popular but movies do not perform well.
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Timeline of Rana era in Nepal

August 16, 2015, 9:29 am
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This article covers all important events during 104 years long Rana dynasty of Prime-Ministership in Nepal lasted from 1848 to 1951. (*being updated)

1817 Jun 18: Jung Bahadur Kunwar born.

His mother Ganesh Kumari was the was the daughter of Kaji Nain Singh Thapa, sister of PM Mathbarsingh Thapa and niece of PM Bhimsen Thapa. Her Great-Great-Grandfather was Bir Bhadra Thapa, an influential Courtier of King Prithvi Narayan Sah during unification. Her Great-Grandfather was Birbhadra Thapa and Grandfather was Amar Singh Thapa, both influential courtier and military people.

His father Balnarsingh Kunwar (1783 Feb 2-1881 Dec 24) was an member of Royal court of King Rana Bahadur Shah (regin 1777 Nov 17– 1799 March 8). In 1806 Apr 25, Balnarshing killed Sher Bahadur Shah, the murderer of the King Rana Bahadur during a court in retaliation and got huge respect in the Royal court. Bala Narsingha became the Governor of Dhankuta (1828-1832), Dadedhura (1833-1835), and Jumla (1835-1837).

1835: Jung Bahadur Kuwar become Second Lieutenant in the Army.
1840: Jung Bahadur became Captain in the army.
1843 Dec 25: Mathbarsingh Thapa, maternal-uncle of JBR became Prime Minister.
1845 May 17: JBR killed own maternal uncle PM Mathbarsingh by the order of King & Queen.
1845: Jung Bahadur promoted to Major General in the Army.
1845 Sep 23: Fateh Jung Shah became Prime Minister.
1846 Sep 14: Kot massacre in Nepal. 40 people including PM Fateh Jung killed by Jung Bahadur.

1846 Sep 15: Jung Bahadur Kunwar became Prime Minister of Nepal and Commander in Chief of Nepal Army and laid the foundation of Rana dynasty in Nepal.

1848: Jung Bahadur got the title "Rana".
1850 Apr-1851 Feb: JBR visited Britain, France and Egypt.

1855 Apr-1856 Mar: Nepal-Tibet war. Nepal victory and Thapathali treaty signed which provisioned Tibet to pay tribute Rs.10,000 annually to Nepal.

1856 Aug 1 - 1857 May 25: Bam Bahadur Kuwar, brother of Jung Bahadur became Prime Minister of Nepal.

1856 Aug 6: JBR declared himself as the King of Lamjung & Kaski (Minor ex-kingdoms inside Nepal) and granted the title "Sri 3" symbolizing himself just under the King of Nepal "Sri 5".

1857 May 10- 1858 Nov 1: Sepoy Mutiny aka Indian Rebellion of 1857 happened which established  direct British Rule in present day India, Pakistan & Bangladesh known as British Raj ending the rule of British East India Company.

1859: JBR gave political asylum to Begum Hazrat Mahal, queen of Awadh, wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah and her 10-year-old son Birjis Qadr after the mutiny.

1860: Nepal got 4 westernmost terai districts (Banke, Bardiya, Kailali & Kanchanpur) back for helping British Raj during mutiny.
1877 Feb 25: Ranodip Singh (brother of JBR) became 2nd Rana Prime Minister.
1882 Jan: Chautariya Colonel Ambar Bikram Shah (son Chautaria Pushkar Shah) and his Gorkhali aide attempted a unsuccessful coup d'état at Teku. All of them got killed by Ranas.

1885 Nov 22: Bir Shumsher "Jung Bahadur Rana" (nephew of JBR, son of Dhir Shamsher) became 3rd Prime Minister after successful coup d'état "known as 42 sale parba" by 17 sons of Dhir Shamsher, brother of JBR and Ranodip singh. To receive legacy of Jung Bahadur Rana they used his initials "JBR" as their name suffix. Leadership of Rana dynasty came to the 2nd generation of JBR.

1889 Jul: Bir Shumsher established "Bir Hospital" in Kathmandu which now works as a one of the largest government hospital in Nepal.
1892: Bir Shamsher established "Durbar High School", the first modern school in Nepal.

1901 Mar 5:  Dev Shumsher "JBR" (4th son of Dhir Shamsher) became 4th Rana PM.
1901 May: Dev Shamsher launched "Gorkkhapatra", the first newspaper in Nepal, which now serves as the government's main publication.

1901 Jun 27: Chandra Shumsher (6th son of Dhir Shamsher) became 5th Rana PM.
1904 Apr 20: Marriage of Kaiser Shamsher JBR (s/o Chandra Shamsher JBR) and Princess Lakshmi Rajya Lakshmi Devi (d/o King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah). Chandra Shamsher had declared her Crown Princess and heiress to the throne.

1911 Dec: King George V and Queen Mary visited south Nepal during their visit to attend Delhi Durbar of 1911.
1911 Dec 11: King Prithvi Bir Bikarm died, Tribhuvan became the King of Nepal.
1920: Chandra Shamsher banned "Sati Pratha" in Nepal.
1923 Dec 21: Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923 signed in Singha Durbar, Kathmandu. This treaty is considered as the main achievement of Rana rule. This treaty registered in League of Nations in 1925.

1929 Nov 26: Bhim Shamsher (son of Dhir Shamsher) became 6th Rana PM.

1932 Sep 1: Juddha Shumsher (son of Dhir Shamsher) became 7th Rana PM.
1934 Jan 15: 8 Richter scale earthquake hit Nepal and Bihar region of British Raj killing as many as 10,000 people. 1st Dharahara built in 1824 completely destroyed but 2nd dharahara built in 1832 survived. 2015 earthquake destroyed 2nd tower as well.
1936 (1993BS): Judda Shamsher implemented social custom to reduce hindu funeral ritual from 45 days to 13 days.

Decline of Rana Era

1939: Nepal's first political party "Nepal Prajaparishad" formed to revolt against Rana dynasty in Nepal by Tanka Prasad Acharya, Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dashrath Chand, Sukra Raj Shastri, Gangalal Shrestha, Chudaprasad Sharma, Govinda Prasad Upadhya(Poudyal), Puskar Nath Upreti, Mukunda Nath Rimal, Bal Bahadur Pandey, Druba Prasad Dawade, Fadindra Nath Satyal, Hari Krishna Shrestha, Chakra Bahadur Khatri etc.

1940 Oct: Rana government arrested almost all members of the PrajaParishad.

1941 Jan 19: Rana government declared death penalty against Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dashrath Chand, Sukra Raj Shastri and Gangalal Shrestha and jail sentences to many members. And after this PrajaParishad was effectively dissolved.

1945 Nov 29:  Padma Shumsher (nephew of Judda Shamsher, son of Bhim Shamsher) became 8th Rana PM. Leadership of Rana dynasty came to the 3rd generation of JBR.

1946 Jan 25-26: "Nepali National Congress" was founded in Bhawanipur, India. Imprisoned Tanka Prasad Acharya (from Nepal Prajaparishad) elected as president and B. P. Koirala elected as acting-president.

1947 Jun 11: First ever election in Nepal held by Rana regime as in all 21 wards of Kathmandu municipality. Total 68,118 male above 21 years were eligible to vote.

1947 March 13: National Congress started nationwide demostration against Rana regime.

1947 March: BP Koirala & Girija P Koirala arrested while entering Nepal.

1948 Jan 16: Rana PM Padma Shamsher promulgated the first constitution of Nepal which would implement from 1948 Apr 1.

1948 Apr 30: Mohan Shamsher (son of Chandra Shamsher, cousin of Padma Shamsher) became 9th Rana PM as Padma Shamsher resigned.

1948 May 1: Mohan Shamsher banned new constitution and National Congress.

1948 Aug 4: "Nepali Democratic Congress" founded by Mahendra Bikram Shah.

1948 Nov: BP Koirala again arrested in Kathmandu.

1949 Sep 15: Communist Party of Nepal founded in Culcutta, India. This is the party which majority of 10+ present communist parties in Nepal claim origin from. Founding General secretory was Puspalal Shrestha and members were Nar Bahadur Karmacharya, Niranjan Govinda Baidhya and Narayan Bilas Joshi.

1950 Apr 9: "Nepali Congress" party founded merging Nepali National Congress and Nepali Democratic Congress parties. Martika Prasad Koirala became first president of the party.

1950 Sep 27/28: Convention of Nepali Congress.

Armed Revolution against the Rana Regime

1950 Nov 6: King Tribhuvan took refuse in the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu and Nepali Congress announced armed revolution in Nepal at the same day.

1950 Nov 7: PM Mohan Shamsher appointed Gyanendra as King.

1950 Nov 10: King Tribhuvan flown to Delhi with family.

1950 Nov 11-12: Congress's Mukti Sena captured Birgunj and established provisional government headed by Tej Bahadur Amatya.
1950 Nov 12: Mukti sena captured Udayapur Gadhi.
1950 Nov 13: Mukti sena led by KI Singh attacked Bhairabha.
1950 Nov 16: Mukti sena captured Rangeli.
1950 Nov 19: Mukti sena captured Haraicha.
1950 Nov 20: KI singh attacked Bhairaba second time. Gov forces recaptured Birgunj.
1950 Nov 24: Indian PM Nehru started mediation in the conflict.
1950 Dec 10-11: Mukti sena captured Dingla & Khotang.
1950 Dec 11: Mukti sena attacked Biratnagar and captured in Dec 23 and started provisional government in Dec 24 headed by KP Koirala.
1950 Dec 14: Mukti sena captured Jhapa.
1951 Jan 16: Nepali Congress agreed on ceasefire as requested by Nehru in Jan 10 but KI Singh continued.
1951 Feb 12: India mediated formal peace agreement between King, Rana & Nepali Congress known as "Delhi Accord".

1951 Feb 15: King Tribhuvan and major leaders of Nepali Congress returned from India after Delhi Agreement with Rana Regime. This day (Falgun 7, 2007) is/was marked as Democracy day in Nepal.

Aftermath
1952 Nov 20: 7th Rana PM Judda Shamsher died in Dehradun, India.
1961 Apr 11: 8th Rana PM Padma Shamsher died.
1967 Jan 6: 9th and last Rana PM Mohan Shamsher died in Banglore, India.
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Timeline of Democratic transition (1951-1960) & Panchayati System (1960-1990)

August 20, 2015, 9:03 am
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This article primarily covers the Democratic transition (1951-1990) and Panchayati era (1960-1990) in Nepal. For era after this click : Timeline of Nepal (1990-present).

1939: Nepal's first political party "Nepal Prajaparishad" formed to revolt against Rana dynasty in Nepal by Tanka Prasad Acharya, Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dashrath Chand, Sukra Raj Shastri, Gangalal Shrestha, Chudaprasad Sharma, Govinda Prasad Upadhya(Poudyal), Puskar Nath Upreti, Mukunda Nath Rimal, Bal Bahadur Pandey, Druba Prasad Dawade, Fadindra Nath Satyal, Hari Krishna Shrestha, Chakra Bahadur Khatri etc.

1940 Oct: Rana government arrested almost all members of the PrajaParishad.

1941 Jan 19: Rana government declared death penalty against Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Dashrath Chand, Sukra Raj Shastri and Gangalal Shrestha and jail sentences to many members. And after this PrajaParishad was effectively dissolved.

1946 Jan 25-26: "Nepali National Congress" was founded in Bhawanipur, India. Imprisoned Tanka Prasad Acharya (from Nepal Prajaparishad) elected as president and B. P. Koirala elected as acting-president.

1947 Jun 11: First ever election in Nepal held by Rana regime as in all 21 wards of Kathmandu municipality. Total 68,118 male above 21 years were eligible to vote.

1947 March 13: National Congress started nationwide demostration against Rana regime.

1947 March: BP Koirala & Girija P Koirala arrested while entering Nepal.

1948 Jan 16: Rana PM Padma Shamsher promulgated the first constitution of Nepal which would implement from 1948 Apr 1.

1948 Apr 30: Mohan Shamsher became new Rana PM as Padma Shamsher resigned.

1948 May 1: Mohan Shamsher banned new constitution and National Congress.

1948 Aug 4: "Nepali Democratic Congress" founded by Mahendra Bikram Shah.

1948 Nov: BP Koirala again arrested in Kathmandu.

1949 Sep 15: Communist Party of Nepal founded in Culcutta, India. This is the party which majority of 10+ present communist parties in Nepal claim origin from. Founding General secretory was Puspalal Shrestha and members were Nar Bahadur Karmacharya, Niranjan Govinda Baidhya and Narayan Bilas Joshi.

1950 Apr 9: "Nepali Congress" party founded merging Nepali National Congress and Nepali Democratic Congress parties. Martika Prasad Koirala became first president of the party.

1950 Sep 27/28: Convention of Nepali Congress.

1950 Nov 6: King Tribhuvan took refuse in the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu and Nepali Congress announced armed revolution in Nepal.

1950 Nov 7: PM Mohan Shamsher appointed Gyanendra as King.

1950 Nov 10: King Tribhuvan flown to Delhi with family.

1950 Nov 11-12: Congress's Mukti Sena captured Birgunj and established provisional government headed by Tej Bahadur Amatya.
1950 Nov 12: Mukti sena captured Udayapur Gadhi.
1950 Nov 13: Mukti sena led by KI Singh attacked Bhairabha.
1950 Nov 16: Mukti sena captured Rangeli.
1950 Nov 19: Mukti sena captured Haraicha.
1950 Nov 20: KI singh attacked Bhairaba second time. Gov forces recaptured Birgunj.
1950 Nov 24: Indian PM Nehru started mediation in the conflict.
1950 Dec 10-11: Mukti sena captured Dingla & Khotang.
1950 Dec 11: Mukti sena attacked Biratnagar and captured in Dec 23 and started provisional governemt in Dec 24 headed by KP Koirala.
1950 Dec 14: Mukti sena captured Jhapa.

1951 Jan 16: Nepali Congress agreed on ceasefire as requested by Nehru in Jan 10 but KI Singh continued.

1951 Feb 12: India mediated formal peace agreement between King, Rana & Nepali Congress known as "Delhi Accord".

1951 Feb 15: King Tribhuvan and major leaders of Nepali Congress returned from India after Delhi Agreement with Rana Regime. This day (Falgun 7, 2007) is/was marked as Democracy day in Nepal.



1951 Feb 18: Rana-Congress government formed. Mohan Shamsher continued as PM. Other ministers were: From Rana side Baber Shamsher JBR (Defence), Chudraj Shamsher (Forests), Nripa Jang Rana (Education), Yagya Bahadur Basnyat (Health) and from congress side: Subarna Shamsher (Finance), B.P. Koirala (Home), Ganesh Man Singh (Commerce and Industry), Bharatmani Sharma (Food and Agriculture) and Bhadrakali Mishra (Transport).

1951 Feb 21: Indian armed force intervened in support of the government. KI Singh and 100 rebels were captured.

1951 Apr 9: Bir Gorkha Dal led by Randhir Subba and Bharat Shamsher revolt against the new government.

1951 Apr 15 : government banned Veer Gorkha Dal.

1951 Apr 16: King Tribhuvan stripped PM Mohan Shamer from his position as supreme commander of Nepal Army.

1951 May 10-16: India mediated another negotiation between King, Rana and NC who agreed to established the 40 member advisory assembly.


1951 June 10: Rana PM Mohan shamsher formed another government with Nepali congress.

1951 Nov 6: Government fired on student protestors in Kathmandu.

1951 Nov 10: NC members resigned from the government.

1951 Nov 12: Rana PM Mohan Shamsher also resigned from the government.

1951 Nov 16: Matrika Prasad Koirala became the first commoner PM of Nepal after the end of Rana regime.

1951 Dec 14: Mohan Shumsher, Last Rana PM, went into self-imposed exile in India.

1952 Jan 22-24: Government troops suppressed a rebellion led by K. I. Singh in Kathmandu

1952 Jan 23: King Tribhuvan declared stated of emergency.

1952 Jan 25: Government banned Communist party of Nepal and Rastriya Mahasabha after Raksha Dal revolt.

1952 Feb 27: India sent 200 military personal in the name of assisting the government which stayed until 1970 Aug 18.

1952 May 26: BP Koirala became second president of the Nepali Congress Party.

1952 July 4: 40-member Advisory Assembly convened in Kathmandu.

1952 July 25: Accused of violating party principles and acting against the constitution, NC expelled PM Matrika P Koirala.

1952 Aug 6: PM MP Koirala resigned.


1952 Aug 10: King Tribhuvan took control of the government.

1952 Sep 4: King Tribhubana dissolved the Advisory Assembly.

1953 June: MP Koirala established National Democratic Party.


1953 Jun 15: Matrika Prasad Koirala became PM. (2nd term) 

1953 Sep 2: Second Kathmandu Municipal election held. Wards were reduced from 21 to 18. Sadhana devi became first elected women representative from ward no 8. Candidates of the banned CPN won some 50 percent of the vote.  Indian troops intervened in support of the government.

1954 Jan 30: First party congress of CPN held in Patan secretly while still being banned for 9 days. Manmohan Adhikari elected as the General Secretory. (link)

1954 May 28: 112-member Advisory Assembly convened in Kathmandu.

1955 Jan 10: NC launched a civil disobedience movement

1955 Jan 31: PM Koirala resined but The Royal Council of State refused to accept the resignation. King Tribhubana dissolved the Royal Council of State on February 18 and vested royal powers in Crown Prince Mahendra Bir Bikram.

1955 Mar 2: Prince Mahendra accepted the resignation of PM.

1955 Mar 13: King Tribhuvan died. King Mahendra ascended the throne of Nepal.


1955 Apr 14: Direct rule by King Mahendra removing PM Matrika P Koirala. 


1955 Jul 10: King Mahendra dissolved Advisory Assembly.

1956 Jan 24-25: Sixth National Convention of Nepali congress held in Birgunj. Subarna Shumshere elected as the President. 

1956: Political relation between China and Soviet Union started to break on the definition of Marxism-Leninism which affected CPN.

1956 Sep 28: 8th convention of CP of China. Manmohan Adhikari attended representing CPN. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi took acting-general secretary during his visit.



1956 Jan 27: Tanka Prasad Acharya as PM by the King.
1956 Apr: Ban lifted on Communist Party of Nepal.
1957 Feb 25-28: Chinese PM Zhou Enlai visited Nepal
1957 May 23: BP Koirala elected as the president of Nepali Congress.
1957 Jul 13: Tanka Prasad Acharya resigned as PM.


1957 Jul 27: Dr. KI Singh as PM by the King.

1957 Aug 9: NC, NNC, and PP formed the Democratic Front (DF).

1957 Sep 30: government announced the postponement of the national elections which were scheduled for October 8.

1957 May 28-Jun 7: Second National congress held of CPN. Soft-liner & pro-soviet Keshar Jung Rayamajhi elected as the General Secretary. Manmohan Adhikari could not attend as he was taking medical treatment in China. Mohan Bikram Singh elected as the central committee member.

1957 Nov 14: King Mahendra took direct control of the govt as KI Singh resigned as PM.

1957 Dec 7:  Democratic Front (DF) launched a civil disobedience campaign in protest of the postponement of the national elections.

1958 Feb 1: King Mahendra formed a  government composed of representatives of the DF and NC ended its civil disobedience campaign on Feb 4.


1958 May 15: Suberna Shamsher, Nepali Congress leader, appointed as PM by the King.


1959 Feb 12 (2015 Falgun 1 B.S.): King Mahendra promulgated the new constitution which had provisioned 109-member lower house and 36-member upper house.

1959 Feb 18-Apr 3: First ever democratic election for parliament held in Nepal. Nepali Congress became the largest party winning over 2/3 seats (74 among total 109). (see elected members)

1959 Mar 30: The 14th Dalai Lama entered India from North east and established government of Tibet in exile in Apr 28 in Dharmasala, India (west of Nepal).

1959 May 4: Suberna Shamsher resigned as PM.

1959 May 27: BP Koirala became first elected Prime Minister of Nepal.

1960 Apr 27-30: King Mahendra visited USA & Canada. (link) Addressed US congress in Apr 28.

1960 May 7-13: Seventh National Convention of Nepali Congress held at Kathmandu. Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala as president.

1960 Sep 22: PM Koirala visited USA to attend UN general assembly.
1960: USSR President Marshal Voroshilov visited Nepal
1960: Chinese PM Zhou En-lai visited Nepal for second time.



1960 Dec 15 (B.S. 2017 Poush 1): King Mahendra dissolved the parliament, suspended the constitution, and imprisoned the PM BP Koirala and other leaders.

1960 Dec 26: King Mahendra appointed a council of 5 ministers to help run the administration. Tulsi Giri as PM (1st term)
1961 Jan: UK Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip visited Nepal.
1961 Dec: Nepali congress started armed revolution. 
1962 May (2019 Jeth BS): Election of City-panchayat, Jilla-Panchayat and Anchal-panchayat one after another.
1962 Mar 20 (2018 Chaitra 7): Gram Panchayat (local level) election in 3439 villages. 
1962 Apr 13 (B.S. 2019 Baisakh 1): King Mahendra laid the foundation stone of Mahendra Highway in Gaidakot, Nawalparasi. 
1962 Oct 20-Nov 21: Indo-China war.
1962 Nov 8: Nepali congress called off the armed insurrection and adopted peaceful means for struggle amid Indo-China war.

1962 Dec 16 (B.S. 2019 Paush 1) : King Mahendra promulgated the new Constitution of Nepal (नेपालको संविधान २०१९). The new constitution created 4-tire Panchayeti System (पञ्चायत): Village/Town Panchayat, District Panchayat, Zonal Assembly & National panchayat.



1963 Dec 23: Surya Bahadur Thapa as PM (1st term)



1964 Feb 26: Tulsi Giri as PM (2nd term)
1964 Apr 13:(2021 Baisakh 1-Jeth 15): mid-term election in 3543 village panchayat.



1965 Jan 26: Surya Bahadur Thapa as PM (2nd term)
1967: Back to the Village National Campaign (Gaau Farka,गाउँ फर्क राष्ट्रिय अभियान) was implemented until 1975.
1967 Oct 30-Dec 3: King Mahendra visited USA. 
1968 Oct 30: BP Koirala and many other leaders released from the prison. BP went to India.


1969 Apr 7: Kirti Nidhi Bista as PM. (1st term)
1969: Indian PM Indira Gandhi imposed economic blockade to Nepal. Nepal asked 18 Indian Army checkposts and liaison groups be withdrawn from Nepal asap. 



1970 Apr 13: Gehendra Bahadur Rajbhandari as acting PM.
1970 June 18: All checkeposts of Indian army removed from Nepal.

1971: First Electionof National Panchayet held.  Total 125 members; out of them 16 were appointed by the King, 90 were elected by Zonal Assemblies, 15 were elected by class organizations and 4 were elected by the collage graduates. Ram Raja Prasad Singh won from graduate seat. But as a reformist Singh was arrested before the sworn in ceremony. 
1971 Aug 26: Ram Raja Prasad Singh was given royal pardon, then he took the oath of 



1971 Apr 14: Kirti Nidhi Bista as PM (2nd term)
1971 Jun 27: Prince Dipendra, son of then Crown Prince Birendra, born
1971 Nov 1: New National Education System (राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना २०२८) implemented.  Two districts Chitwan and Kaski was selected for the first phase.

1972 Jan 31: King Mahendra died. Birendra became the new King of Nepal.

1972 Aug 24: BP Koirala started armed revolution against the Panchayati System from India.
1972 Oct: Surya Bahadur Thapa arrested.
1972-1974(BS 2028-2030): Jhapa Andolan (झापा आन्दोलन).
1973 March 4 (2029 Falgun 21): 5 leaders of Jhapa Andolan killed in Sukhani Jungle during their transfer from Chandragadhi Jail to Ilam Jail. KP Oli government declared them as martyr in 2016 March 2 after 43 years.



1973 Jul 16: Nagendra Prasad Rijal as PM
1975 Feb 24: Coronation of King Birendra. He presented the proposal to recognize Nepal as a zone of peace. Eventually recognized by 116 countries except India.
1975 April: Kingdom of Sikkim was annexed by India.



1975 Dec 1: Tulsi Giri as PM (3rd term)
2032 BS: Election of village, city and district panchayats held.
1976 June: King Birendra visited China. Chine supported Nepal's zone of peace proposal.

1976 Dec 30: (BS 2033 Paush 16) BP Koirala returned Nepal adopting Rastriya Melmilap Niti and arrested.



1977 Sep 12: Kirti Nidhi Bista as PM (3rd term).
1978 Dec 26: (2035 Push 11) CPN (ML) founded by CP Mainali, Madhab K Nepal, Ramchandra Yadav, Amrit Bohora, Jhalnath Khanal, Mukunda Neupane, Manilal Rai, Govinda Neupane, Jibraj Ashrit, Modnath Prashit, Madan Bhandari, Bamdev Gautam, Siddinath Gyawali, Netrala Abhagi, Basu Shakya etc. 


 Student Revolution of 1979/80 (छत्तिस सालको बिद्यार्थी आन्दोलन)
1979 Apr 6: Students protested against the execution of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, former PM of Pakistan. remembered as the start of Nepali Revolution of 1979/80.
1979 Apr 23: Ascol clash between police and students. 3 students killed.
1979 Apr 27: people in Hetauda kept a Minister hostage for 10 hours. Police responded, 3 to 17 peoples died. Next day many leaders arrested. BP Koirala was kept under house arrest.
1979 May 2: King Birendra formed 5 member commission to find the solution for the unrest.
1979 May 23: King Birendra made a public declaration for a referendum with secret vote.
1979 May 30: Surya Bahadur Thapa as PM (3rd term)

1980: Namita Sunita Kanda : School girls Namita Bhandari, Sunita Bhandari and Neera Parajuli, were raped and murdered in Pokhara, Nepal. The bodies of all three girls were found in the Gandaki River. The only witness Churamani Adhikari, employee of forest dept was taken to police station but next day he was found dead, later police decleare that as suicide. The Namita-Sunita case was closed inconclusively in 2003.  (L)

1980 May 2: Referendum (२०३६ सालको जनमत संग्रह) on non-partisan panchayat system or a multiparty system. The panchayat system received a slim majority of 54.8%. Voter turnout was 66.9%.



1980 June 1: Surya Bahadur Thapa became PM (3rd term)

1981 May 9:  Second Electionof National Panchayat held. Political parties were still banned. In total 140 seats 28 were appointed by King and 112 were to be independently elected. Two pre-panchayat PM also contested. Matrika Prasad Koirala lost the election where K.I. Singh won. NC (Suberna) launched 36 candidates as independents winning by 4 candidates namely Dr. K.I. Singh, Bakhan Singh Gurung, Kashi Nath Gautam and Bhagwat Yadav. PM Thapa elected from Dhankuta but 70% of the candidate unofficially supported by the state lost the election. 

1981 May/June: Chinese PM Zhao Ziyang visited Nepal
1982 May 11 (Baisakh 28-Jeth 4 2039 BS): 4022 village, 29 city and 75 districts panchayat election held.
1982 Jun 16 (Asadh 2, 2039BS): District Panchayat election held.
1982 Jul 21: Leader of Nepali Congress and former PM BP Koirala died.



1983 Jul 12: Lokendra Bahadur Chand as PM (1st term)
1983 Dec 5-10: King Birendra visited USA. (link)
1984 March 19: Chinese President Li Xiannian visited Nepal.
1984 Oct 31: Indian PM Indira Gandhi assassinated. 
1985 May 23: Nepali congress started Civil Disobedience Movement (सत्याग्रह). More than 12000 party workers and sympathizers voluntarily went to jail for several months.
1985 June 20:  Blasts of 1985 (४२ साले बम काण्ड): series of coordinated bomb blasts occurred in Kathmandu and other cities in Nepal. 8 people incl 1 member of panchayati parliament killed. Ramraja Prasad Singh, leader of then Nepal Janabadi Morcha claimed the responsibility. Nepali Congress had to call off its disobedience movement after the blasts. 



1986 Mar 21: Nagendra Prasad Rijal as PM (2nd term)
1986: UK Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip visited Nepal
1986 May 12: Third Election of National panchayat held.  1,548 candidates ran as independents for 112 seats where as 28 were appointed by the king.



1986 Jun 15: Marich Man Singh Shrestha as PM
1987 Mar 21 & 24: (2043 Chaitra 7-10) Local election held in all 33 City & 4,015 Village Panchayats. (link)


Indian official blockade of Nepal in 1989/1990
1987 Dec: India warned Nepal not to purchase antiaircraft gun from China.
1988 March: Nepal made a deal to purchase Chinese weapons.

1988 July 22: Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi sent his foreign minister Natwar Singh to Nepal to urge not to purchase weapons again from China. King Birendra refused.
1988 Aug 21: 6.9 rector scaled earthquake hit Nepal. Over 700 killed.
1989 March 23: Nepal-India Trade and transit treaty expired. India refused to renew. Since then India officially imposed blockade in Nepal until Apr 1990.
1989 Apr, May: Nepal bought fuel from China.
1989 Oct 5: Nepali foreign minister Sailendra Kumar Upadhaya raised the issue of blockade in UN without mentioning India.
1989 Nov: Chinese PM Li Peng visited Nepal. In Kathmandu he said: "all countries, small or big, should be treated equally. Problems and disputes should be handled according to five principles of peaceful co-existence".

Revolution 1990 / People's Movement 1 (जनआन्दोलन भाग १)
1989 Sep: more than 900 Nepali Congress supporters were arrested.
1990 Jan 18: Nepali Congress called for a decisive movement for the restoration of democracy and welcomed other parties to join.
1990 Jan : seven communist parties formed a alliance to fight for democracy led by Sahana Pradhan.
1990 February 18 (Falgun 7, 2046 B.S.): Nation-wide Movement for Restoration of Democracy was started by Nepali Congress and Left front of seven Communist Parties led by CPN (ML).
1990 Apr 6: 50 pro-democracy demonstrators were killed in Kathmandu on a march to Royal Palace.
Lokendra Bahadur Chand as PM (2nd time) [13 days]

1990 Apr 6: King appointed Lokendra Bahadur Chand as PM (2nd time) [13 days]

1990 Apr 8: upraising organized by Nepali Congress and Left alliance became successful, King Birendra removed the 30 years ban on political parties. Panchayat System ended.
1990 Apr 15: Panchayat System was suspended.


1990 Apr 19: Krishna Prasad Bhattarai from Nepali Congress became PM
1990 Apr: India removed the 13 months blockade in Nepal.
1990 June: PM Bhattarai visited India and met Indian PM VP Singh. India removed the blockade.
1990 Dec 9 (B.S. 2047 Mangsir 23): King Birendra promulgated new constitution of Nepal. (नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान, २०४७)
1991 March: CPN (ML) and CPN (Marxist) united to form CPN (UML)
1991 May 12: First election after restoration of democracy.Nepali congress won majority (110 out of 205) seats. CPN UML got 69seats where as future maoist party Samyukta Janamorcha became 3rd party winning 9 seats.
1993 Jan 27-Feb 2: 5th convention of CPN UML, party adopted People's Multi-party Democracy.


Key People

King Mahendra (1920 June 11 - 1972 Jan 31)
King Birendra (1945 Dec 29 - 2001 June 1)

BP Koirala (1914 Sep 8 - 1982 Jul 21) NC Leader
Ganeshman Singh (1915 Nov 9 - 1997 Sep 18) NC Leader
Tulsi Giri (b 1926 Sep 26 - present) PM
Kirtinidhi Bista (1927 Jan 15 - 2017 Nov 11) PM  
Nagendra Prasad Rijal  (1927 Apr 20 - 1994 Sep 23) PM

Surya Bahadur Thapa ( 1928 Mar 21- 2015 Apr 15) PM
Lokendra B Chand (1940 Feb 15 - present) PM
Marich Man Singh Shrestha (1942 Jan 1 -2013 Aug 15) PM

Ram Raja Prasad Singh (1936 - 2012 Sep 12)  key figure against Panchayati system.

References:-

http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/nepal-1946-present/

↧

Timeline of Nepalese Civil War (1996-2006) and Peace process (2006-2015)

August 21, 2015, 1:51 pm
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Apr 1, 1986: CPN-Mashal (नेकपा मशाल) (future maoist) made a failed attempt to launch an armed uprising in known as Sector Incident (सेक्टर काण्ड).
Nov 19-20, 1990: CPN-4th and CPN-Mashal united to form CPN-Unity Centre.
May 12, 1991: Samyukta Jana Morcha, political front of CPN UC led by Dr Baburam Bhattarai took part in the general election, won 9 seats and became 3rd largest party in the parliament.
1994: Hardliner fraction of CPN-UC split led by Puspa Kamal Dahal and Baburam Bhattarai.
1995: Operation Romeo lunched by Nepal police to tackle possible civil war
Feb 4, 1996: Dr Baburam Bhattarai submitted 40-point demands to the Sher Bd Deuba government. 
Feb 13, 1996 (B.S. 2052 Falgun 1): CPN (Maoist) launched Civil War

May, 1998: Operation Kilo Sera 2 lunched by Police bring down Maoists (until 1999)
May 2, 1999: Maoists killed 2 police before parliament election they called boycott
Feb 22, 2000: 19 Maoists were killed in search operation in Rukum following that maoists killed 15 police
Sep 15, 2000: government reported that Maoist insurgency killed over 1,400 people the last 4 years including 209 police personnel, 979 maoist and 249 civilians
Sep 24, 2000 : Maoists attacked Dunai, Dolpa.
Dec 20, 2000: Maoist started forming their ‘people’s governments’.
Dec 26, 2000: rioting began over rumor of Hritik Roshan
Jan 22, 2001: First Armed Police Force (APF) ordinance issued to create a new paramilitary force by Government to deal with maoists.
Feb 2001: Prachanda became chairman of Maoist party. They proclaimed Prachanda-Path
2001: Maoist founded People's Liberation Army (PLA), Prachanda as chief
June 1, 2001: Royal massacres. June 4: Gyanendra became new King.


July 23, 2001 : Government and Maoists announced ceasefire. (Jul 22 Sher b Deuba became new PM). Four days later, Maoist leaders Krishna Bahadur Mahara, Agni Prasad Sapkota and Top Bahadur Rayamajhi come to Kathmandu for talks with the government. Talks failed.
Aug/Sep 2001:  Maoists formed central people's government led by Dr Baburam Bhattarai.They also initiated the idea of 9 racial provinces.
Oct 24, 2001: Government formed a new paramilitary force "Armed Police Force" to fight with Maoists.
Nov 23, 2001: Maoists attacked Nepal Army for the first time. In Dang attack 14 soldiers and 9 police officers were dead. Same night they attacked Syangya- 14 policemen killed. They also attacked airport in Surkhet.
Nov 25, 2001: Maoists attacked Salleri, Solukhumbu along with Phaplu airport, District police office and CDO quarter.
Nov 26, 2001: Government declared state of emergency and mobilized Nepal Army.
Nov 29, 2001: Maoist's bombed Coca-cola factory as an "anti-american" war. Also in Jan & Apr 2002.
Feb 17, 2002: Maoists attacked Mangalsen, Achham and killed 138 people including senior government officials.
Feb 23, 2002: Nepal Army murdered 35 workers involved in construction of Kotwada Airport in Kalikot district in search of Maoists.
May 22, 2002 (२०५९ जेठ ८):  King Gyanendra, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, dissolved the Parliament and ordered new elections.
May 27, 2002: Maoist's made unsuccessful attack in Khara, Rukum. About 150 Maoist dead.
Sep 22, 2002: Nepali Congress party broken. Sher B Deuba registered a new party NC Democratic.

Oct 4, 2002 (२०५९ असोज १८): King Gyanendra dismissed the country's elected government and took control of government in his hand.
Oct 11, 2002: King Gyanendra appointed Lokendra Bahadur Chanda as new PM.
Jan 25, 2003: Maoists killed APF chief Krishna Mohan Shrestha
Jan 29, 2003: Government announced a cease-fire

Apr, May, 2003: Peace talk between Chand Government and Maoist held
Apr 30, 2003: US put Maoist & Samyukta Janamorcha in terrorist list
June 5, 2003: King appointed Surya Bahadur Thapa as PM.
Aug 17, 2003: Army killed 21 maoists in Dada Kateri Chaur, Doramba in Ramechhap District.
Aug 2003: Ceasefire collapsed (In 2005 the major responsible was sentenced to 2 years in prison)
Aug 20, 2003: CP Gajurel arrested in Chennai, India
Oct 31, 2003: US Department of State designated the CPN (Maoist) as a terrorist organization under Executive Order 13224
Mar 30, 2004: India arrested Nepali maoist leader Mohan Baidhya 'Kiran' from Siliguri.
June 3, 2004: King Gyanendra appointed Sher B Deuba as PM.
July 26, 2004: Jay Krishna Goit split from the Maoist party to from JTMM
Aug 11, 2004: Maoists buried Radio Nepal journalist Dekendra Thapa alive in Dailekh.
(In Dec 7, 2014 Dailekh District Court awarded punishment to the five accused as imprisonment of one and half to two years)
Aug end 2004: 12 Nepalis beheaded in Iraq; nationwide protest in Nepal

Oct 20-28, 2004: 9 days ceasefire by Government and Maoists to celebrate Dashain Festival
Nov 21, 2004: Army killed 66 Maoist in Pandon Village, Kailali (suffering 10 losses)
Nov 2003: Government initiated the concept of "Unified Command" to effectively mobilize all three security forces of Nepal under the command of Nepal Army. Ended July 2006.
Jan 31, 2005: Maoist politburo meeting in Lawang, Rukum decided to take disciplinary action on Baburam Bhattarai, Dinanath Sharma and Hisila Yami.

Feb 1, 2005 (२०६१ माघ १९): King Gyanendra made a Coup. Dismissed PM Sher Bd Deuba again.
Feb 28, 2005: 50 maoists and 4 army killed in Bardiya.
Mar 4, 2005: Government forces killed at least 30 Maoist in Arghakhanchi.
Apr 7, 2005: Maoist made second unsuccessful attack in Khara, Rukum. 72 rebels dead.
May 9, 2005: Army killed 26 Maoist who attacked a military base at Bandipur. 4 gov force lost
Jun 6, 2005: Maoists killed 39 innocent passengers(including 3 Army soldiers) setting a public bus in Land mine at Badarmude, Madi, Chitawan District. 72 other injured.
July 28, 2005: Maoist party took back the disciplinary action taken on Baburam Bhattarai, Dinanath Sharma and Hisila Yami.
July 25, 2005: Major political parties rejected Maoist's appeal for talks to plan joint opposition to King Gyanendra saying saying Maoists should stop killing civilians first.
Sep 3, 2005 : Maoist announced a unilateralceasefire for 3 months but the Royal govt rejected

Sep/Oct 2005:  Maoist's Central Committee meeting held at Chunwang in Rukum which is popularly known as "Chunwang Baithak". They adopted democratic republic as new policy instead of single party people's republic. (other meetings: Kharipati 2008, Palungtar 2010)
Nov 22, 2005: 12-Point agreement between Maoist and 7-party alliance in Delhi
Jan 2006 : Maoists ended the ceasefire.
Mar 13, 2006: Royal Government offered amnesty and money to Maoists who surrender in the next three months.
Apr 6, 2006: 19-days people's movement started by Seven Party Alliance.
Apr 19, 2006: Indian PM Manmohan Singh sent Karan Singh as his special envoy to Nepal.
Apr 21, 2006: after weeks of massive protests and increasing international pressure King Gyanendra called on the seven main political parties to name a prime minister as soon as possible and vowed to return power to the people but people's movement continued. (see on youtube)
Apr 24, 2006 (२०६३ बैशाख ११ ) : 19-days democracy movement succeed. King Gyanendra reinstated disbanded parliament through message on national television shortly before midnight. (see on youtube). 
Apr 25, 2006: Girija Prasad Koirala, leader of people's movement, became new PM.
May 3, 2006 : Government declared a cease-fire and removed terrorist title from Maoists
May 11, 2006 : Government released 2 top Maoist leaders Matrika Yadhav and Suresh Ale Magar from jail dropping murder charge
May 18, 2006 (२०६३ जेठ ४): Parliament reduced the power of King and declared Nepal secular state. Some compare this action as Magna-carta of Nepal.
Jun 13, 2006: Govt freed 190 Maoist from jail after withdrawing terrorism cases against them
Jun 16, 2006: Maoist supremo Prachanda became public in Kathmandu
July 3, 2006: Maoists announced to close their "People's courts" in response of government's decision to disband "Unified Command", a concept to use all 3 government forces under army command.
Aug 9, 2006: Government and Maoists wrote separate letters to UN asking for assistance.
Nov 2006: Maoist re-activated its youth organization YCL.
Nov 21, 2006: Peace Accord signed between Government and CPN Maoist


After Peace Agreement

Jan 15, 2007 (B.S. 2063 Magh 1): New interim constitution adopted. Maoists got 84 seats in the 329-member interim legislature.
Jan 23, 2007: UN security council unanimously passed resolution 1740 (2007) and sent United Mission to Nepal (UNMIN) for one year starting today, with a mandate to monitor the ceasefire and assist in the election of a Constituent Assembly.
Mar 21, 2007: Gaur carnage: 27 people killed in violent clash between MJF and Maoist's Madheshi Rastriya Mukti Morcha in Gaur, Hajmaniya and Mudhbaliya area.
Apr 1, 2007: Maoist entered in interim collation government led by Girija Prasad Koirala. But left government in Sep.
Dec 2007: Maoists rejoined the government after parliament approved abolition of monarchy.
Feb 2008 : Madheshi groups called a strike demanding autonomy, Government made a deal

Apr 10, 2008: 1st Constituent Assembly election, CPN Maoist became largest party
May 28, 2008: 1st meeting of CA abolished the King, Nepal formally became republic.
Aug 18, 2008: Prachanda sworn in as a Prime Minister of Nepal
Sep 12, 2008: Nanda Kishor Pun (Pasang) became new chief of PLA  
May 4, 2009: Prachanda resigned (remained in office till another PM in May 25)
May 25, 2009: Madhav Kumar Nepal became new pm. Resigned June 30, 2010.
March 20, 2010: Girija Prasad Koirala died.
July 21, 2010 - Nov 4 2010: *16 times PM election. Prachanda vs Ram Chandra Paudel.
Jan 14, 2011: United Mission to Nepal (UNMIN) returned from Nepal.
Feb 6, 2011: Jhala Nath Khana became new PM with the collation of UML, Maoist, Forum etc.
Aug 14, 2011: Jhalanath Khanal resigned acknowledging his failure to advance peace process and agree with the opposition for the new constitution,
Aug 29 2011: Baburam Bhattarai became PM with collation of Maoist and Madheshi front, remained until Mar 14, 2013

Nov 2011: Process of integration of PLA into Nepal Armed forces started.
May 28, 2012: First Constituent Assembly dissolved.
Nov 2012: Prachanda got slapped in public by an ordinary citizen
2012:  US Department of State delisted the CPN(M) as a terrorist organization.
Mar 14, 2013: Chief justice Khil Raj Regmi became PM for general election.
Aug 26, 2013: 70 ex-maoist fighters joined Nepal Army. Total 1,460 of the 19,600 fighters registered by the United Nations after the war have joined the army so far [total fighters initially checked in by UNMIN 32,250 - absent in verification 8,640 - rejected by UNMIN 4,008 - verified fighters 19,602 / registered weapons 3,428]

Nov 19, 2013 : Second CA election, Maoist party became 3rd. Congress and UML became 1st and 2nd respectively.

Sep 20, 2015: President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav promulgated the Constitution of Nepal in the last meeting of Constituent Assembly implementing the maoist agenda of republic and federal Nepal.

May 14, June 28 & Sep 18, 2017: Maoists took part in 3-phase local election making alliance with Nepali congress and became 3rd largest party after UML & NC.

Oct 31, 2017: Maoist leader Balkrishna Dhungel arrested and sent to prison to serve over 12 years jail time in the criminal case of murdering Ujjan Kumar Shrestha in 1998.

Nov 26 & Dec 7, 2017: Maoists took part in 2-phase Federal& Provincial elections making alliance with CPN UML and became 3rd largest party in the federal parliament and became 2nd & 3rd largest party in the 4 & 2 state assemblies.
FOR more STORY click below:-
  1. Timeline of the new Constitution of Nepal 2072 B.S.
  2. Timeline of Democratic and Republic Nepal (1990 - present)
  3. List of Proposed federal structures
  4. Post war justice of Nepal

Background (Formation, Unification & Splits of the party)

Sep 15, 1949: The first Communist party of Nepal (CPN) was founded. The founding General Secretory was Puspa Lal Shrestha. This is the party from which all of the present and defunct communist parties in Nepal (more than 20) claim their root.

1954 : 1st convention, Manmohan Adhikari as General Secretory
1957: 2nd convention, Keshar Jung Rayamajhi as General Secretory
Apr 1962: One section of party convened 3rd party assembly & elected Tulsi Lal Amatya as the new general secretory. Other section did not approve this. After this CPN became two parties CPN-Amatya & CPN-Rayamajhi.

Sep 15, 1974: CPN 4th Convention was organized and formed new party by Mohan Bikram Singh, Nirmal Lama, Mohan Baidhya, Chitra Bahadur KC etc. The party was known as CPN 4th.

1981: A new party CPN-Marxist–Leninist–Maoist (MLM) was established by Krishna Das Shrestha which merged with CPN-Maoist in 2009.

1983: CPN-Masal (नेकपा मसाल) formed out of CPN-4th by Mohan Bikram Singh who was followed by Chitra Bahadur K.C., C.P. Gajurel, Mohan Baidhya, as well as other future Maoist leaders like Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Baburam Bhattarai.

Nov 1984: Underground party CPN-Mashal (नेकपा मशाल) formed out of CPN-Masal (ने.क.पा. मसाल). Mohan Baidhya became general secretory. Other notable members were Chitra Bahadur K.C., Pushpa Kamal Dahal, C.P. Gajurel, Dev Gurung etc. Baburam Bhattarai stayed in the Masal.

CPN-Mashal adopted Maoism as their ideology.  They made a failed attempt to launch an armed uprising in Apr 1, 1986 known as  Sector Incident (सेक्टर काण्ड). After Sector incident failed, Puspa Kamal Dahal (Biswas later Prachanda) became party general secretory.

Nov 19-20, 1990: CPN-4th and CPN-Mashal united to form CPN-Unity Centre. Soon after that Baburam Bhattarai left CPN-Masal and joined CPN-Unity Centre.

1991: Sanyukta Janamorcha Nepal (SJM) was established as a mass front by CPN-UC, Nepal Workers Peasants Organisation (NWPP) and CPN-MLM. Baburam Bhattarai was the chairman of the front. Soon after that MLM and  NWPP left the front. In 1991 election SJM won 9 seats and became 3rd largest party in the parliament.

1994: CPN-UC spitted. Hard-line fraction (future CPN Maoist) led by Prachanda & Baburam formed their own Sanyukya Janamorcha (SJM). They used the same party name CPN-UC until 1995.

Nov 15, 1994: Old SJM (led by Nirmal Lama) participated the parliament election but did not win any seat. In 1999 election they won 1 seat.

1995: Hardliner fraction of CPN-UC (led by Prachanda & Baburam Bhattarai) adopted new party name CPN Maoist

Feb 13, 1996: CPN-Maoist launched Civil War. (DETAIL TIMELINE of Civil War see below)

2002: CPN-UC and CPN-Masal merged to form CPN-UC-Masal. Mohan Bikram Singh became its first general secretory. Previous general sectaries of two parties were Narayan Kaji Shrestha (Prakash) - CPN(UC) and Ram Singh Shris - CPN (Masal)

July 10,2002 : Samyukta Janamorchha and Rastriya janamorcha, mass fronts of former CPN-UC and CPN-Masal, united to form Janamorcha Nepal.

2006 : Janamorcha Nepal was in 7 party alliance for Democracy movement in April. But after the success of movement Janamorcha Nepal and their mother party CPN-UC-Masal spitted in 4 parts.
(1) Bijaya Kumar and Narendra Man KC formed CPN (2006) but soon after this they merged with CPN Maoists.
(2) Mohan Bikram Singh formed a parallel underground CPN(UC–M), taking with him 3 MPs of Janamorcha Nepal (new party became Rastriya Janamorcha led by Chitra Bahadur K.C.) In March 2007 they held 7th convention and renamed party as Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)
(3) Ram Singh Shris splitted with 2 MPs but in 2007 merged with CPN-Unified which later merged with CPN (2013) in Apr 2013.
(4) Original Janamorcha led by Amik Sherchan with original CPN-UC-Masal led by Narayan Kaji Shrestha (Prakash)

Apr 10, 2008 : In the 1st Constituent Assembly election old Janamorcha Nepal won 8 and new Rastriya Janamorcha (Chitra Bahadur K.C.) won 4 seats.

Oct 2008: Janamorcha Nepal merged with Maoist along leaders like Amik Sherchan, Lilamani Pokhrel, Giriraj Mani Pokharel etc.

Jan 2009: Mother party of Janamorcha Nepal CPN-UC-Masal merged with CPN Maoist to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with leaders like Narayankaji Shrestha "Prakash".

May 19, 2016 (Jeth 6, 2073BS): 10 maoist parties of Nepal including the major "United Communist party of Nepal (Maoist)" have been united together to formed a new party named "Communist party of Nepal (Maoist Centre). New maoist have said to form 699 membered convention committee to organize party's general convention in near future. Supremo Prachanda has requested to one major splinter group led by Dr Baburam Bhattarai to comeback to the original party.

Splits of CPN Maoist

2004 July 26 : Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (JTMM) led by Jai Krishna Goit split from CPN Maoist
> Aug 2006 : JTMM (Jwala Singh) broke away from JTMM (Goit)
2009 : Matrika Prasad Yadav broke from CPN Maoist
2012 : CPN-Maoist led by Mohan Baidhya (Kiran) split from UCPN Maoist
>2014: CPN (Maoist) led by Netra Bikram Chanda (Biplab) split from Kiran's CPN-Maoist
>2016 May 14: majority members of CPN-Maoist led by Mohan Baidhya have decided to merge with original maoist party UCPN (Maoist) except Baidhya himself.
>2016 May 19: UCPN maoist gets united with other 10 small maoist parties to form a new party "CPN (Maoist Centre)"

Naya Shakti 
Sep 26, 2015: Senior Maoist leader and former PM Dr. Baburam Bhattarai quit the UCPN Maoist party. He is believed to be opening new political pafrty soon.
Nov 3, 2015: 45 central leaders of ucpn maoist including devendra paudel, hisila yami, ramchandra jha etc resigned from the party in favor for Dr. Baburam Bhattarai's new party.
Jun 12, 2016: Baburam bhattarai's new party "Naya Shakti, Nepal" formally announced its establishment in a big mass of over 15,000 people in Dashrath stedium, kathmandu.


Post war Justice 

2008 Apr 10: First Constituent Assembly election held. CPN Maoist became largest party with 229 seats among total 601 followed by Nepali Congress 115 and CPN UML 108.

2008 Aug 18: CPN Maoist leader Prachanda became Prime Minister. 5 governments changed until next election in 5 years.

2011 Aug 29: CPN Maoist leader Baburam Bhattarai became Prime Minister (until 2013 May 14).

2013 Nov 19: Second constituent assembly election held. Nepali Congress became largest party with 196 seats followed by CPN UML 175 and CPN Maoist 80. 

2014 Apr 25 Fri (BS 2071/01/12): Disappearances Enquiry, Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act, 2014 (बेपत्ता पारिएका व्यक्तिको छानविन, सत्य निरूपण तथा मेलमिलाप आयोगसम्बन्धी विधेयक, २०७०) passed from the parliament.

2015 Feb 10 (BS 2071/10/27) : Government formed "Truth and Reconciliation commission" (सत्य निरुपण तथा मेलमेलाप आयोग) and Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons -CIEDP (बेपत्ता पारिएका व्यक्तिको छानबिन आयोग) consisting five members each. Members of Truth commission are Suryakiran Gurung-president, Lila Udasi Khanal, Srikrishna Subedi, Dr. Madhabi Bhatta Parajuli and Manchala Kumari jha. Similarly members of Disappearances commission are Lokendra Mallik-president, Bijul Biswakarma, Prof.Dr. Bishnu Pathak, Nar Kumari Gurung and Aaibahadur Gurung. Assigned initial time duration of both commissions are two years.

2015 Sep 20: New Constitution of Nepal promulgated.

2015 Nov 4 Wed: India raised the issue of violence in Nepal during civil war in the meeting of universal periodic review in Geneva to blackmail Nepali leaders. Nepal has openly blamed India for its blockade in Indo-Nepal border as an inhuman activity in international forum. (see timeline)

2006-2016: high level of political instability in Nepal. 9 governments changed in 10 years after the peace agreement of 2006.

2016 Apr 14-June 14 (BS 2073/01/02-02/30): Disappearances Enquiry Commission asked people to fill the missing report within this dateline.

2017 Dec 21: CIEDP requested government to extend its term by three years. CIEDP received 3,093 complaints and it has recommended 2,258 complaints for detailed investigations after completing preliminary investigations. Of them, detailed investigations have begun on 206 complaints as of December 15. (link)

Popular cases-----------------

2004 Feb 17: 15-years old Maina Sunuwar / sunar was arrested by 12-man army team lead by then captain Niranjan Basnet and then taken to Army barrack at Panchkhal, Kabhre. She disappeared after that.
- 2005: three officers Amit Pun, Sunil Adhikari, Boby Khatry were court marshaled by Nepal army and sentenced 6 months jail and fines for negligence and not disposing of Maina's body correctly.
- 2008 feb : after heavy public pressure Murder charges was filed and Kabhre district court issued summons for arrest of 4 accused army officers. But nothing happened.
(Total Accused 4: Colonel Boby Khatri, Captain Niranjan Basnet, Captain Sunil Adhikari, Captain Amrit Pun - other suspects: Sergentt Khadka Bahadur Khatri, mess runner Dil bahadur basnet and Sri Krishna Thapa).
- 2008 July:DNA test confirmed that human remains found buried at Panchkhal army camp belonged to Maina Sunuwar.
- 2009 Sep: Kabhre district court ordered the Suspension of Major Niranjan Basnet who was already promoted from Captain. But Army didn't follow the order.
- 2009 Dec 12 Major Niranjan Basnet was sent back to Nepal from UN peacekeeping mission seeing his violent track record in Sunuwar's case.
-2010 July 14: Nepal army made its internal court to inquiry in this case and gave clean chit to Major Basnet and criticized UN for expelling him from the mission.
-2015 Jan 14: district court ordered to re-open the case.
- 2017 Apr 17: three former solders Amit Pun, Sunil Adhikari, Boby Khatry are sentenced 20 years of prison by district court . Forth accused Major Niranjan Basnet was freed of all charges as he was only responsible for arrest not the murder. All three convicted criminals have left or retired from the army and and have now remained as fugitive.

2004 June 26: Journalist Dekendra Thapa was abducted in Dailekh district . He was severely tortured and buried alive after two months.
-2013 Jan 5: Dailekh police arrested all five suspects.
-2014 July 12: Dailekh district court sentenced two years of impresionment to Nirak Magar, Harilal Pun and Jaya Bahadur Shahi, one and half year to lakshmiram magar and one year to bir Bahadur Kc.

2010 : Case of Bal Krishna Dhungel
-1998 June 24: Ujjan Kumar Shrestha was killed in Okhaldhunga.
-2004: okhaldhunga district court convicted Balkrishna Dhungel and Puskar Gautam and ordered life term.
-2006: Rajbiraj Appellate court gave Dhungel clean chit
-2008: Dhungel elected for first constituent assembly from Okhaldhunga.
-2010: Supreme Court overturned appeal court's decision and kept the verdict of district court.
But Mr Dhungel never arrested.
-2011: Baburam Bhattarai's government forwarded Dhungel's name for Presidential clemency.
-2014 may: Puskar Gautam arrested and jailed.
-2016 Jan: Supreme Court ruled that Dhungel can not be given clemency.
- 2017 Oct 31: Balkrishna Dhungel arrested and sent to prison to serve over 12 years jail time.
- 2018 Mar 20: Home Minister Ram B Thapa met Dhungel in the prison and assured him that govt will act to release him soon. (li)
- 2018 May 29: Balkrishna Dhungel released from prison with presidential pardon recommended by govt. (li)

2013 Jan 3: Colonel Kumar Lama of Nepal Army was arrested at his home in Leonards-at-sea near Hastings UK under section 134 of the criminal justice act 1988 citing universal jurisdiction on the case of  crime against humanity by U.K. Police.
Nepal government always took side of Lama. They even disallowed U.K. Rescue mission to enter Nepal after 2014 earthquake in the protest of his case taken over by U.K.
Lama was charged for two separate incidents of torture committed between Apr and Oct 2005 on Janak Bahadur Raut and Karam Hussein who were detainees at Gorusinghe Army barrack at Kapilvastu District in Nepal. On Aug 2, 2016 he was freed from Husain case and on sep 6 2016 he was freed from other charge as well. Nepal government spent about £1 million for his legal fees.

2005 June 7: Bandermude incident (link, link) : 38 civilians dead and 70 injured in land-mine blast on passenger bus in Bander-mude, Madi, Chitwan. The bus number "Na 1 Kha 3245" was going from Bagai, Ayodhyapuri, Madi to Bharatpur. Maoist said the incident happened by mistake. 
2013 Feb 28: Prachanda announced that Nepal govt will provide Rs 60 Lakh to Bandarmude victim in Madi Mahotsab. But victims refused to take that money. (li)
2016 May 19: 57 victim family jointly reported the incident to Peace committee. Other 15 reported to local peace committee. Total victim is said to be 150. 
2017 Dec 3: Prachanda signed written agreement with Bandarmudhe victim to help them with employment, pension, school etc. Prachanda is contesting from Chitwan-3 from left front in Parliamentary election.

Data

Killed in war : 13,000-16,000
Handicapped:700+
Disappeared : 1,300 - 3,000
Reported incidents in commissions: 2,971

See Also

References:-

http://www.timelines.ws/countries/NEPAL.HTML
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Madhya Pahadi Lokmarga

August 28, 2015, 6:34 pm
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Mid-hill highway (Nepali: Madhya Pahadi Lokmarga / मध्य पहाडी लोकमार्ग) is a under-construction highway in the hilly regions of Nepal which will run all the way from Chiyabhanjyang (Panchathar) in the east to Jhulaghat (Baitadi) in the far-west for 1,765 kms. This highway will run somehow parallel to the present East-West Highway (1,024 km) which runs through plain area. About 1,000 kms road of Mid-hill hw are already existed in different names whereas above 750 kms are new construction for which all tracks have been opened already.

A similar highway named Hulaki Rajmarga is under construction which will also connect eastern Nepal to far western region but it runs further south near Indo-Nepal border.

Related: Hulaki Rajmarga , KTM-Terai Fast-Track

Mid-hill highway (Madhya-Pahadi Lokmarga), Nepal
This highway will connect 24 hilly districts and 215 villages of the country. Districts that will be connected by this highway are: Panchthar, Terathum, Dhankuta, Bhojpur, Khotang, Okhaldhung, Udayapur, Sindhuli, Kabhrepalchok, Sindhupalchok, Nuwakot, Dhading, Gorkha, Lamjung, Kaski, Parbat, Baglung, Rukum, Jajarkot, Dailekh, Achham, Doti, Dadeldhura & Baitadi. Central point of this highway will be Pati bhanjyang, Nuwakot.

It is one of the 21 nationally prioritized projects of the government of Nepal. The government is planning to establish 10 model cities along the mid- hill highway. Purposed 10 cities to set up model towns are Phidim (Panchthar), Basantapur (Terhathum), Khurkot (Sindhuli), Baireni Galchhi (Dhading), Dumre (Tanahun), Burtibang (Baglung), Chaurjahari (Rukum), Rakam (Dailekh), Sanfebagar (Achham) and Patan (Baitadi). These purposed model cities are expected to reduce the current migration from hilly region to Terai in search of food, Education, Health and other basic needs.

The major cities / towns/ villages along the highway are as follows:-

Eastern Nepal (State 1)

* Chiyabhanjyang of Panchathar (starting point)
* Phidim (Panchthar) [Mechi highway junction, North to Taplejung, South to Ilam, Birtamode, Jhapa]
* Yasok (Panchthar)
* Basantapur (Terhathum) [Koshi highway junction, North to Khandbari, South to Hile, Dhankuta, Dharan, Itahari & Biratnagar]
* Bhojpur (Bhojpur district)
* Diktel (Khotang)
* Thakle/Ghurmi (Okhaldhunga) [Sagarmatha highway junction, Salleri, Solukhumbu to North & Katari, Mirchaiya to south]

Central Nepal (State 3)

* Khurkot (Sindhuli) [BP Highway junction, south to Bardibas, North-west overlaps with BP highway to  Dhulikhel, Kathamndu]
* Panchkhal (Kabhre)

* Bahunepati (Sindhupalchok)
* Pati Bhanjyang (Nuwakot) [CENTRAL POINT OF HIGHWAY]

* Baireni Galchhi (Dhading)
* Kurintar (entry point to Manakamana Cable Car)
* Mugling (Junction, Bharatpur, Chitwan to South)

Western Nepal (State 4)

* Dumre (Tanahun)
* Pokhara (Kaski) [Siddartha Highway junction, south to Terai (Butwal, Bhairahawa, Lumbini)]
* Kusma (Parbat)
* Burtibang (Baglung)

Mid-Western Nepal (State 5 &6)

----under construction----

* Rukumkot (Rukum)
* Chaurjahari (Rukum)

----under constrution---

* Narayan municipality (Dailekh)
* Sigaudi (Dailekh) [Karnali Highway junction, North to Jumla, South to Surkhet, Terai]

Far-Western Nepal (State 7)

* Mangalsen (Achham)
* Sanfebagar (Achham)
* Dipayal Silgadhi (Doti)
* Amargadhi (Dedeldhura) [Mahakali Highway junction, south to Dhangadhi]
* Patan (Baitadi)
* Dasharathchand (Baitadi)
* Jhulaghat (Baitadi) [ending point]

BP Highway

Bardibas to Kathmadnu (Koteshwor) -- distance : 183km (time 5 hr)

> Bardibas (@ EastWest Hw) - Khurkot Junction(@ Mid-hill hw): 75 kms
> Khurkot- Dhulikhel (BP+ Madhya Pahadi & Araniko hw junction) : 86 kms
> Dhulikhel - Koteshwor, Kathmandu: 25 kms


See Also

  1. Hulaki Rajmarga
  2. Kathmandu-Nijgadh Fast-Track

Tags: Puapalal Highway/ पुष्पलाल लोकमार्ग राजमार्ग, maddhe pahadi lokmarg, madhy lokrajmarg
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Hulaki Rajmarga

September 12, 2015, 12:37 pm
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Hulaki Rajmarga or Hulaki Highway (हुलाकी राजमार्ग) is a long time under construction highway of about 1,700 kms in terai plains which aims to connect eastern part of Nepal to the far western part. Most of time this highway will run very near to the Indo-Nepal border and somehow parallel to the present East-West highway which also runs through terai plains but about 20 miles north. Since the government keeps changing the route, the expected length of this highway is fluctuating between 1,663km to 1,792km. (li,li)

A similar highway named Madhya-Pahadi Lokmarga (mid-hill highway) is under construction which will also connect eastern Nepal to far western region but it runs further north through the hilly districts. 
Background

Literally, Hulaki means Postal in Nepali language. During the Rana regime (1846-1951) the Hulaki route was used to transport Mails by postman.  When the Mahendra Highway was planned in 1970s Hulaki route was one of the route proposed for the Highway. But the developers at that time decided to run the highway little bit north through the foothills of chure.

Highway points / Junctions

Many parts of the Hulaki highway is already existed in different names. These are the key points and districts on the way of Hulaki Highway.

State 1
Jhapa : Bhadrapur (galgalia, India), Gauriganj
Morang: Rangeli, Biratnagar
Sunsari:

State 2
Saptrai: Rajbiraj, Shambhunath
Siraha
Dhanusha: Janakpur
Mahottari: Jaleshwor, Balawa, Sarpallo
Sarlahi: Malangawa, Ishwarpur
Rautahat
Bara: Ghadimai, Kalaiya
Parsa: Birgunj

State 3
Chitwan: Thori, Madi, Meghauli

State 4 & 5
Nawalparasi: Tribeni Susta, Bardaghat, Parasi
Rupendehi: Bhairahawa
Kapilvastu: Kapilvastu, Bahadurganj
Dang:
Banke: Nepalgunj
Bardiya: Gulariya, Rajapur

State 7
Kailali: Dhangadhi, Bhajani Trishakti
Kanchanpur: Belauri, Mahakali Jholunge Bridge, Chandani-Dodhara

Hulaki Road (Feeders)

Hulaki Road are the feeders that connect Hulaki Highway and Mahendra Highway. There are 19 hulaki feeders in terai districts.

Role of India

Indian PM Chandrashekhar had given assurance to construct Hulaki Rajmarg in 20 terai districts in 2047 BS but the paper agreement was finalized only after 14 years in 2061 BS. According to the the agreement 'consultants' and 'construction contractors' had to be Indian national. Since then only 64.84 Km road has been blacktopped (कालोपत्रे) among total 1,792.42 Km in 12 years. There are total 149 bridges planned but only 58 are under construction. Indian Contractors of different road segments have already left the sites. (L)
Hulaki Rajmarga (source: onlinekhabar.com)
See Also
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Kathmandu-Nijgadh FAST-TRACK & other roads

September 15, 2015, 3:59 pm
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This post is about Kathmandu Terai Fast Track, Kathmandu-Hetauda Tunnel way and Kerung-Kathmandu road and train.


Kathmandu Terai Fast Track

Kathmandu Terai Fast Track (काठमाडौँ तराई द्रुत मार्ग) is a Expressway under construction which joins national capital city Kathmandu to terai flatlands of Nepal within an hour. This project is categorized as a national pride project (राष्ट्र गौरव आयोजना) and expected to complete in 2022.

The 76.4 km long road will join Khokana suburb of Lilitpur to Nijgadh, Bara in State no 2 Madhesh. There will be a 1.5 KM long tunnel (in Thingan, Makwanpur), 99 bridges and 6 overhead bridges along the way. The road will be 23 meter wide in hill area and 25 meter wide in the plains.
Kathmandu Nijgadh Fast-Track Route | karma99.com 

Kathmandu Nijgadh fast track (source: The Himalayan Times)
Timeline

2009 Nov 9: Nepal Army started opening track for fast track.
2013 Mar 10: Nepal army completed the opening of track and handed over to the gov.
2015 Mar 13: Govt decided to sign agreement to indian company ILFS to make DPR of fast track.
2015 Jul 31: ILFS made DPR according to which travel time will be under an hour.
2016 Nov 20: KP Oli cabinet cancelled the fast track construction deal with Indian company Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Ltd (ILFS). Company DPR had estimated price US $1,117 million for the project.
2016 Dec 22: cabinet formed a panel to study and consult about fast track construction.
2017 Feb 20: 7 member panel formed to study fast track submitted its report to gov, urging it to run the project on its own investment.
2017 May 4: Prachand Govt decided to give responsibility to construct fast track to Nepal Army.
2017 May 28: PM Prachanda laid foundation of fast track. It is expected to be constructed in 4 years.
2017 June 13: Nepal Army begin field assessment.
2017 June 22: Deuba cabinet endorsed the work procedure of fast track.
2017 Aug 11: govt officially handed over the fast track project to Nepal Army.
2017 Sep 20: Nepal Army said it will amend the DPR to reduce the height of bridges.
2017 Dec 13: Nepal army started tree cutting in Nijgadh sector for fast track.
2018 Jan 1: Army said fast tack is expedited.
2018 Jan 16: Nepal army announced to make their own DPR for fast track.
2018 Mar: Residents of Khokana, Karyabinayak, Lalitpur protested against the fast-track.(li)(li)
2018 May 25: Starting point of fast track may be changed to farsidole because of obstruction of local from khokana. (li)
2018 May 29: govt gave budget of about 15 arb 40 crore for coming fiscal year for the road. budget for current fiscal year is 10 arb 14 crore. Total budget of the fast track is estimated to be 111 arb. (li)  This amount was 1 arb and 5 arb in 2015 and 2016 budget respectively. (li)


Route
Along the Bagmati River:
Khokana, Lalitpur (Karyabinayak Municipality)
Chalnakhel, Kathandu (Dakshinkali Municipality)
Daksinkali, Kathmandu  (Dakshinkali Municipality)
Sisneri, Makwanpur (Indrasarobar Gaupalika)
Ipa Gadhi, Makwanpur (Bhimphedi Gaupalika)

Tunnel @ Thingan Hill, Makwanpur (Bakaiya Gaupalika)

Chhatiwan, Makwanpur (Bakaiya Gaupalika)
Dhiyal, Makwanpur  (Bakaiya Gaupalika)
Ratanpuri, Bara (Nijgadh Municipality)
Lal gaun, Bara (Nijgadh Municipality)
Nijgadh Nagarpalika, Bara @ East-West Highway

Link: https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/fasttrack/home
Kathmandu-Hetauda Tunnel Way 

It was a  proposed road of about 58 kms long including 3.67 km long tunnel between Sisneri and Bhimphedi. This Tunnel-way would connect Kathmandu and Hetauda within 1 hour driving time. Nepal Infrastructure Development Company Ltd (NIDCL) was the constructer of the project. The original estimated cost of the project was 37 Billion NPR. NIDCL collected 317.6 million NPR from the public.  In 2013 Dec NIDCL started initial track opening. But the financial mismanagement and fight between the board members damaged the project.  In 2017 Sep, Infrastructure minister Bir Bahadur Balayar cancelled the permit given to NIDCL as being too late.  (li) (li)(YouTube)

Board Presidents:  कृष्णलाल केसी, भवन भट्ट, कुशकुमार जोशी // नेपाल पूर्वाधार विकास कम्पनी लिमिटेड
Other Board Members: प्रदिपजंग पाण्डे, जयराम लामिछाने, बिक्रम पाण्डे (RPP), सुकुन्तलाल हिराचन, सुवासभन्द्र ठकुरी (local falilitator), नुगल आनन्द बैद्य, खुस्बु श्रेष्ठ, राजुमान महर्जन, मोहन बस्नेत
CEO: सुवर्णलाल बज्राचार्य, सनत न्यौपाने

Kerung - Kathmandu Road & Train

The Kerung Rasuwagadi border was used for mutual transaction between Nepal and Tibet (China) for hundreds of years. But it was formally opened for bilateral trade in 2014 Dec as the alternative to the Tatopani border. When 2015 earthquake fully blocked Tatopani border, Kerung border emerged as the main trading point. In 2017 Aug 30, Keyrung border declared as the international border allowing citizens from third countries to cross as well.

The Kathmandu-Kerung route can be divided into two segments: Kathmandu to Betrawoti, and Betrawoti to Kerung.
Kathmandu Kerung Road

There are three roads available for Kathmandu-Betrawoti segment.

1. Balaju (ring road) - Kakani - Bidur - Betrawoti : 74kms
2. Kalanki (ring road) - Thankot - Galchhi - Bidur - Betrawoti : 80kms
3. Samakhusi (ring road) - Tokha - Sunkhani - Bidur - Betrawoti : 58 kms

Roads available for Betrawoti-Kerung segment: (li)

1. Betrawoti - Dhunche - Syafrubesi (54kms) - Kerung (+15kms)
2. Betrawoti - Mailung - Syafrubesi (31kms) - Kerung (+15kms) along Trisuli, under construction

Train

China completed Lhasa-Shigatse railway in 2014 Aug. Shigatse (Xigazê) is the nearest large Chinese city from Nepal. Shigatse-Kerung rail line in Chinese side is under construction and expected to complete by 2022.

About 100 kms proposed Kerung-Kathmandu railway will join Chinese border town Kerung to Kathmandu. This train line will be 85% underground. This project is the part of OBOR and its estimated cost is about USD 2.5bn. (li)

2018 Jun 21: Nepal & China agreed to built Kerung-Kathmandu rail line in around 7 years during PM Oli's visit to China.


See Also
  1. Madhya Pahadi Lokmarga
  2. Hulaki Rajmarga 
Tags

Nijgarh, Niggadh, municipality, lalitpur, madhesh, madesh, expressway, highway, freeway, Bimalendra Nidhi, nagarpalika, काठमाडौँ-तराई मधेस द्रुत मार्ग, काठमाडौँ- हेटौडा सुरुङ मार्ग

Betrawati, Betrabati, keyrung, Kyirong, Gyirong Town (吉隆镇), 
↧

Timeline of the new Constitution of Nepal 2072 / 2015 AD

September 20, 2015, 7:32 am
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Promulgation the new Constitution of Nepal : Sep 20, 2015

Nov 26 & Dec 7, 2017: Federal & Provincial election happened in 2 phases indicating another step to implement the constitution.

Aug 21, 2017: Constitution amendment bill failed in the Legislative Parliament. Two third or 395 votes required among current total 592 members. 347 voted YES, 206 voted NO and 39 were absent.

Apr 11, 2017: Government has registered a new proposal in parliament to amend the constitution. This proposal will also amend article 87 restricting chief and vice chiefs of cities and villages to vote to elect national assembly members. This was one of the demand of Madheshi morcha. This proposal also amends article 287 giving federal parliament sole right to amend existing state borders in absence of state parliament.

Aug 18, 2016: Government has declared martyr to 41 agitators and 11 security forces who were killed in 2015/16 Madhesh agitation as per the demand of Madheshi front. The front had prescribed the name of total 68 dead people for martyr recognition (including one who committed suicide). Government said they are investigating about the rest. Family of each martyr will get Rs. 10 lakhs.

Aug 4, 2016: Maoist leader Prachanda became prime minister of Nepal supported by his party CPN Maoist Center, Nepali Congress, RPP and Madheshi front.

May 15, 2016 Sun: Sanghiya Gathabandhan - Federal alliance has protested in Kathmandu picketing the main government complex in Nepal Singha durbar.They have decided to continue the protest monday and tuesday.

May 8, 2016 : Nepal government has sent a formal invitation to the United Democratic Madhesi Front to resolve the differences through talks. 8 months protest in southern plains of Nepal had ended without conclusion before 3 months.

Apr 29, 2016 : 29 members including 4 central committee members and many dhanusha district leaders of the largest madheshi party in the government 'Madheshi Janadhikar Forum - Loktantrik' have left the party. Few days ago, the party had decided to remove the word 'madheshi janadhikar' from its name to give party 'national level' status since their first convention in coming May 2-4.

Apr 22, 2016 Fri: "Federal Front" of 27 political parties including Madheshi parties have announced the new agitation from Apr 27 (Baisakh 15) against the government. First phase of the agitation will be between Baisakh 15 to Jeth 1.

Mar 31, 2016 Thu: Nepal has criticized the related points in the yesterday's joint statement of EU-India which had urged for the "need for inclusive constitutional settlement" in Nepal. External affair ministry of Nepal said "The Constitution making and its promulgation are essentially internal matters of a country and EU-India Joint Statement not only hurts the sentiments of the people of Nepal but also defies the fundamental principle of non-interference of the U.N. Charter and norms of international law". India was able to issue somehow similar joint statement with UK in Nov 12, 2015. Some Nepali people now see 'India as the threat for peace, stability and constitution in Nepal(link)'.

Mar 20, 2016: PM KP Oli arrived Beijing for 8 days China visit. He is scheduled to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang.

Feb 20, 2016: PM Kp oli has met Indian PM Narendra Modi in Delhi today. They signed the 7 point agreement.

Feb 19, 2016 Fri (Falgun 7): Nepali PM has reached to New Delhi for the first time after several months bitter relationship with India. Indian foreign minister Sushma Swaraj welcomed the team in the airport. Visiting team has 46 members including Vice-PM and foreign minister Kamal Thapa, Finance minister Bishnu Paudel and Home minister Shakti Basnet.

Feb 18, 2016 Thu: Government has formed 11-membered "political committee" on its own to give consultation on "amendment of state's boundaries". Coordinator of the committee is vice-PM Kamal thapa but rest of members are yet to be finalized.  Government and Madheshi front had several meetings in last two days for this committee but they had failed to reach any agreement.

Feb 11, 2016 (Magh 28): Three new madhesh-centric political parties are added in the existing "Madheshi front". New members are Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party (RMSP) led by Sharadshingh Bhandari, Forum-republic (MJF-R) led by Rajkishore Yadav and Nepal Sadbhawana Party led by Anil Jha. RMSP and MJF-R respectively have 3 and 1 members in the 601 membered parliament. After the addition there are total 7 member parties including previous 4 in the front. Terai Madhsh Rastriya Abhiyan led by JP Gupta was rejected in the front as it neither has any members in the parliament nor any reliable party structure.

Feb 10, 2016: President of the largest party in parliament Nepali Congress and former PM Shushil Koiraladied in early morning in Kathmandu. The new Constitution was promulgated during his primership in last September.

Feb 8, 2016 (Magh 25): Madheshi front has "officially" decided to take back its "border point blockade" program. They had started blockade about 4 and half months ago in Sep 24, 2015 (Ashoj 7). Three days ago local residents and small business owners across the border had burnt down the tents and removed all barriers made by protesters. Prime minister Oli has welcomed the decision. Front has said to continue other type of protests. Front has also decided to alert its one top leader Rajendra Mahato not to work against the goal of agitation.

Feb 6, 2016: Madheshi front of Bara and Persha districts have decided to continue the blockade in major check post Birjung. But the border has normal flow now. There are many checkpoints in 1800 km long Indo-Nepal border but this point accounts majority of total transaction.

Feb 5, 2016 Friday (Magh 22): Local residents and Indian business owners have cleared the border blockade done by Madheshi front. They burnt down the tent of protesters and removed the barriers.

Jan 27, 2016: United Nations has welcomed the first constitution amendment of Nepal. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's spokesperson Stephane Dujarric said "moon has expressed hope that the development would be an important step in resolving differences on constitutional arrangements”.

Jan 24, 2016: Baburam Bhattarai has announced 35 members interim central council of his future new party. Many PhD schoolars, ex administrators of Nepal government, high ranking ex security officers.

India has welcomed the first amendment of new Nepali Constitution. Indian foreign ministry issued an statement today.

Jan 23, 2016 Sat (Magh 9): Parliament has passed first constitution amendment bill by 2/3 majority. 461 members voted Yes, 7 voted No and Neutral option got 0 vote. Main opposition Nepali Congress and parties in government like UML, maoist, forum democratic etc voted in favor. This amendment satisfies partial demand of Madheshi front. But Madheshi parties protested against the bill in the parliament.

Jan 21, 2016 Thu (Magh 7): 3 killed in Madheshi protest in Morang district today. Madheshi front was protesting against CPN-UML program in Rangeli. RPP Nepal activist Draupatidevi Chaudhari  (58) killed in Rangeli whereas Chibu Majhi (18) and Mahadev Risidev killed in Dianiya in the following protest. Front has burnt down the Daiaiya police station. Curfew is enforced in the Rangeli area. Youthforce member Manoj Singh is also attacked and wounded by the front.

Jan 20, 2016 Wed: Government also decided to talk with madheshi front by top leaders not by task force.

Jan 18, 2016 Mon: Dialogue between taskforces ended without conclusion. Madheshi fornt has decided to disband their task force and make further dialogue only by the top leaders.

Jan 17, 2016 Sun: Madheshi front has replied their 6-point proposal adding a point in yesterday's 5 point proposal. They want only 2 provinces in terai region. Conclusion is said to be coming soon. One major Madheshi leader Rajendra Mahato has also returned from India.

Jan 16, 2016 Sat (Magh 2): Major 3 parties has submitted a new 5-point proposal to Madheshi front to resolve Madheshi issue. It has proposed to form a new political mechanism which will decide about state-demarcation within 3 months. Sadbhawana party has returned to the dialogue. They had said they will not come to dialogue until the government apologize for Dec-26 incident to its leader Rajendra Mahato.

Jan 5, 2016 Tue: Madheshi front has formed a new 3-member task-force (कार्यदल) to talk with government. Hridayesh Tripathi from TMLP, Rajendra Shrestha from Forum and Ramnaresh Raya from TMSP are the member. Sadbhawana party has no member in task force but they are said to be fully supportive to the task force.

Jan 3, 2016 Sun : Major three parties have formed 3-member task force to deal with madheshi front.
Mahesh acharya, Bhim Rawal and Krishna Bahadur Mahara are the members. They want to add one member from Madheshi front.

Sadbhawana Party, one among 4 parties in Madheshi front, has started their own single-party agitation in Madhesh region. But very few number of people have joined their protest.

Jan 1, 2016 Fri (Push 17): Rajendra Mahato has gone to Delhi for further treatment. Before this he was transferred to BPKIH Dharan. Doctors in hospital in Biratnagar said Mahato was already discharged after normal treatment as he was not seriously hurt. But Mahato refused to get discharged and transferred himself to BPKIH as he know the chief of BPKIH hospital very well.

Nepali throughout the glove celebrated Nepali topi day wearing Dhaka Topi and Bhadgaule Topi.

Dec 29, 2015 Tue: Vice PM & Foreign minister Kamal Thapa returned Nepal after 5 days visit to China. China has announced to donate oil of value 13 million yuan to Nepal. Its about 1.5 million usd; the same amount of oil was donated by China in Oct also.

Dec 26, 2015 Sat: Congress, Maoist and Madheshi front had talk today in Katmandu in the residence of Congress president Sushil Koirala. They failed to reach on a concrete conclusion.

Rajendra Mahato has been wounded during the protest in Biratnagar Indo-Nepal border. Sadbhawana Party president Mahto and some other protesters has come from Indian side to block the border. They also threw the stones from Indian side. Nepal police and Indian SSB then cleared their side of border. Comparatively there is less number of madheshi population in Biratnagar area.

Dec 25, 2015 Fri: Nepal and China had 8-point agreement for long term trade of Petroleum & Gasoline products. Nepali vice PM and foreign minister Kamal Thapa and Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi had made this agreement in Beijing today.

Dec 22, 2015 Tue: Main opposition Nepali congress and agitating Madheshi front is said to have come near to the conclusion. These parties have been in dialogue since some days.

Dec 21, 2015 Mon (Push 6): India has welcomed the 3-point proposal by the government. Indian foreign ministry issued an statement and said "Indian government welcomes this positive development"

Leaders of Madheshi front have met Indian ambassador to Nepal in Kathmandu. India is (said to be) trying to convince madheshi front on the 3-point proposal of the Nepal government. Madhehsi front also met government's dialogue team after meeting with the ambassador.

Madhehsis have protested in Gaur, Rauthahat all day breaking the curfew today. Protesters attacked Bankul, Katahariya & Ganga Pipra police stations and also burn some parts of them.

Dec 20, 2015 Sun (Push 5): 1 protester named Shesh Tabrej Alam (15) killed during Madheshi protest in Gaur, Rautahat today. Police said they had to fire bullets in self defense because protesters threw stones and "petrol bombs" targeting Police. District administration has imposed indefinite curfew after 4 pm to control the situation.

Government has passed 3-points proposal to address madhesh protest and given to Madheshi front in written. But the front has said the proposal will not solve the problem completely.

Dec 19, 2015 Sat (Push 4): Action of the Madheshi front against widow women is widely criticized in Nepal. Front had cleaned the Janaki Temple in Janakpur after President's visit considering her "impure" to enter Hindu temple as she is a widow.

Dec 18, 2015 Fri (Push 3): After being failed to have fruitful dialogue to the government Madheshi Front has now announced 11-day protest program.

Dec 16, 2015 Wed (Push 1): President Bidhya Bhandari paid her visit to Ramjanaki Mandir in Janakpur today. Janakpur is the heart of the region where Madheshi parties are agitating since several months. People protested outside the temple today too and 12 police are said to be wounded.

"Post-earthquake re-construction bill" is passed from the parliament today. Both Madheshi front and opposition Nepali congress supported the bill. Nepal had suffered earthquake of 7.8 magnitude about 8 months ago leaving more that 8,000 dead.

Dec 15, 2015 Tue (Mangsir 29): "constitution amendment bill" supported by 3 major parties is submitted in the Parliament today without "some changes" demanded by madheshi front. 

Dec 13, 2015 Sun (Mangsir 27): 3-side dialogue today ended without conclusion. Main opposition Congress and Madheshi front did not agree over "constitution amendment bill". Congress and Madheshi front also had 2-side talks earlier today but that one also had ended without conclusion.

Main opposition Congress has obsectred the parliament today evening in favor of "constitution amendment bill"

Dec 11, 2015 Fri (Mangsir 25): Government and the madheshi front had brief dialogue today. The main opposition Nepali Congress refused to attend the talks. Congress is now against the new amended bill which is agreed by the government and the madheshi front. Congress wants the consensus on the original amendment bill they submitted earlier. Amid this they had interrupted the parliament yesterday and did not let "post-earthquake re-construction bill" be discussed.

Indian ambassador Ranjit Roy has given lunch to some members of parliament today. Amresh Kumar Singh, Anand Prasad Dhungana, Tejulal Chaudhari from Congress, Surendra Pandey from UML, Raibindrapratap Shah from Maoist and Dilnath Giri from RPP Nepal etc attended the lunch.

Dec 10, 2015 Thu (Mangsir 24): Government, main opposition congress and two leaders from Madheshi front had 3-side dialogue today. Madhehsi front agreed to let government pass "post-earthquake re-construction bill" through the parliament. But the Government and the front kept on with their respective 3-point and 11-points proposals.

Dec 7, 2015 Mon : Indian upper house 'Rajya Sabha' has discussed about Nepal. 14 MPs talked. MP Mani Shankar Aiyar said India should stop its bullying in Nepal and open the border. He further said the constitution is adopted by overwhelming majority not only from constituent assembly as a whole but also from members from terai region. Current agitation is not endorsed by majority of terai people. DP Tripathi said its not only a political crisis but also humanitarian crisis the Indian government has caused in Nepal and they should open the border asap. Karan Singh said it was bad policy to approach Nepal after they passed constitution in the CA. Foreign minister Sushma Swaraj answered this is saying this was not the first border-closure but there was a closure in time of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. India had never accepted border closure of Rajiv Gandhi time before. 

Dec 6, 2015 Sun (Mangsir 20): Madheshi leaders have dinner meeting with Indian foreign minister Sushma Swaraj today. Before this Madheshi leaders also met JDU president Sharad Yadav, Indian Congress leader Karan Singh and Nationalist Congress general secretory DP Tripathi in Delhi today. JDU has strong presence in Bihar as JDU leader Nitish Kumar is current chief minister of Bihar State wheres Nationalist congress party has good presence in Maharashtra state.

Dec 5, 2015 Sat: Major parties and the Madhehsi front had "informal dialogue" today. Front rejected the 3 point proposal presented by PM Oli. Only two major madheshi leaders Updendra Yadav and Mahanta Thakur attended the meeting. Other two major madheshi leaders Rajendra Mahto and Marendra Raya Yadav have already went to India for tomorrow meeting.

Nepali people has demonstrated in San Francisco and Delhi against the Indian blockade. Similar protest are being organized in different cities of the world by Nepali diaspora. 

Dec 4, 2015 Fri: Madheshi leaders did not attend the scheduled dialogue with the major parties today. They instead went to Indian embassy in Kathmandu and met with the ambassador Ranjit Roy. Indian government has called top leaders of Madheshi front to Delhi for consultation.

Nepal government has requested Bangladesh Government to make the talk about 'oil purchase' in the government level.

Dec 3, 2015 Thu: Indian parliament has discussed about Nepal issue. Indian foreign minister Sushma Swaraj proposed to send a all-party delegation to Nepal.

Madheshi fornt and Chure Vawar Party has confronted in Nawalpur, Sarlahi district today. Police had to fire in sky to control the situation. Front has postponed their program.

A private company has brought the oil in Nepal for the first time. Petrolimex bought 42,000 aviation fuel through air today.

Dec 2, 2015 Wed: Foreign minister Kamal Thapa has met Indian foreign minister Susma Swaraj today. Thapa is in 3 days visit to India.

Scheduled talk for today between the government and the Madheshi front has been postponed. Leaders of Madheshi front did not show up in the talks.

Nov 20, 2015 Mon: Three side dialogue held in PM's residence today between the Government, Main opposition Congress and the agitating Madheshi front. Another talks will be after 2 days.

Nov 27, 2015 Fri (Mangsir 11): Local people have resisted the protesting program of Madheshi front in Itahari. They burnt down the main stage. Top leaders like Mahantha Thakur, Upendra Yadav and Rajendra Mahato had to cancel their program.

BJP leader Bijaya Joli arrived in Kathmandu. He met with the PM, president, leader of opposition and Madheshi leaders and expressed Indian concern about burning of Indian PM's effigy in Nepal.

Nov 24, 2015 Tue (Mangsir 8): Dr. Baburam Bhattarai declared 11 membered co-ordination committee for 'the new power'. Central co-ordinator is himself and international co-ordinator is his wife Hisila Yami.

Indian ambassador to Nepal Ranjit Roy has said the amendment of the constitution is the only way to resolve the constitution.

Maoist leader Prachanda and Madheshi front leaders has meeting today in Kathmandu.

Locals in Fuljor, Sarlahi have resisted the Highway blockade program by Madheshi front. Chure Bhawar National Unity Party led the people. Sarlahi district is in the heart of Madhesh region.

Nov 23, 2015 Mon (Mangsir 7): Its been 100 days of the Madheshi agitation.

Nov 22, 2015 Sun (Mangsir 6): Former PM and former Maoist leader Dr. Baburam Bhattarai started a 2 day conference in Kathmandu for 'the formation of a new power'. Leaders of agitating Madheshi front Upendra Yadav and Mahantha Thakur also took part to show the support of Madhehsi front. Pradip Giri from Congress, Tharuhat leader Gopal dahit, Padmaratna Tuladhar and Khagendra Sangarula also participated.

1 Madheshi protester named Dilip Shah killed in Police firing during the protest Saptari district. Agitators had demonstrated violating the curfew in Sunday morning. The had burnt down a police bit in Rupani and a van of the police chief of the saptari district.

Nov 21, 2015 Sat:  2 Killed and 17 injured in the Madheshi protest in Saptari district Saturday night. Biren Ram (15) and Nageshwor Yadav (30) were killed when police fired to clear the East-west Highway.

Nov 20, 2015 Fri : Nepalis protested in 5 cities of Australia (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Darbin and Adilade) against the Indian blockade.  Also protested in front of Indian consulate in Hong kong.

People protested in Biratnagar in favor of undivided Jhapa-Morang-Sunsari. These three districts are the main reason behind ongoing Madhesh agitation. Madheshi parties want these three districts to be given to the newly declared state-2. Protesting since last 3 days "Undivided supporting" protesters do not want to join state-2 as a whole or even partly.

Nov 19, 2015 Thu (Mangsir 3): Madheshi front has decided to let School and Colleges open in the morning time and let medicine enter into Nepal through Biratnagar-Jogbani border point during the agitation.

Bangladesh is said to be ready to sell petroleum product to Nepal except the natural gas. Nepal oil corporation  (NOC) and Bangladesh petroleum corporation (BPC) had discussion today in Dhaka. NOC said they are starting homework for MOU and commerce agreement soon.

Nov 18, 2015 Wed (Mangsir 2): Dialogue between top leaders of big parties in the government and Madheshi front today ended without positive conclusion. Prachanda, Narayankaji Shrestha from Maoist, Jhalnath Khanal and Agni Kharel from UML and RPP leader Kamal thapa were involved from the government side whereas Upendra Yadav, Mahanta Thakur, Mahendra yadav etc were involved form the front. Largest party in the parliament Nepali congress did not show up in the dialogue. 

Prachandra was actively participating before this talk and had said it is going to be decisive. He had presented a new proposal earlier as removing hill districts from state-5 and morang and sunsari districts be finalized by federal commission. But Congress and UML did not support that.

Nov 17, 2015 Tue: Minister for Commerce and supply Ganesman Pun has arrived Beijing and requested Chinese leaders to provide gas to Nepal in subsidized price in current crisis. Minister Pun also has request letter from PM Oli. China has agreed to give oil without tax and service fee.

Nepalis protested against the blockade in front of United Nations headquarters in New York. The protest was organized by NRNA USA.

Nov 15, 2015 Sun: Parties in the Government have formed a new dialogue committee led by UCPN Maoist president Prachanda to make talks with protesting Madheshi front. Other members are Ex PM Jhalnath Khanal from UML and deputy PM Kamal Thapa from RPP.

China has proposed to send gas bullet directly inside Nepal. Nepali ambassador to China Dr. Mahesh Maskey said "China wants to open common check post in Panchkhal, Kabhre". Nepal needs 15 lakhs cylinders of LPG every month. One bullet truck contains 1250 cylinders of LPG gas. 40 bullet trucks per day would be sufficient to fuel Nepal's kitchen.

Nepal government has started selling subsidized woods to public amid fuel crisis. 41,000 kg wood was sold in Kathmandu in the first day.

Nov 12, 2015 Thu: Nepalis has protested in London against the visiting Indian PM Narendra Modi. Modi and UK Prime minister David Cameroon had issued a joint press release earlier today indirectly implying that UK has support on the Indian stand in Nepal issue.

Nov 11, 2015 Wed: UN Secretory general Ban Ki Moon has expressed his sorrow about the blockade in the Indo-Nepal border. He said this in the meeting with former PM Sushil Koirala in New York.


Nov 10, 2015 Tue: United Nations has requested all concerned parties to remove the blockade in Indo-Nepal border as a landlocked country Nepal has fundamental right to get free access to the sea. Stephane Dujarric, spokesman of UN secretory general Ban Ki Moon said "The Secretary-General indeed reiterates his concern over the obstruction of essential supplies on the Nepal-India border. Acute shortages in fuel supplies continue to impede planned deliveries to earthquake-affected villages in Nepal"

Nov 9, 2015 Mon (Kartik 23): Madheshi front rejected the official dialogue fixed for today between the front and the government. The wanted Nepal government to apologize first in the incident of Nov 2 when a Indian national was died during the protest. 


Nov 7, 2015 Sat: Protesting Madhesi front has decided to participate and disrupt the parliament from Now on. Except from the voting in the PM election they have been avoiding the parliament since last three months and protesting in Madhesh region of Nepal. Main opposition and largest party in parliament Nepali Congress is also considering the option of disrupting the parliament.

Deputy PM of Nepal CP Mainali has claimed that "India want to divide Nepal and merge Madhesh region into India". Indian embassy to Nepal has criticized this statement.

The leading Nepali online news www.onlinekhabar.com said "Indian Home minister Rajnath Singh is against the blockade and want to have good and friendly relation with Nepal. Indian PM is also worried about the situation. But the Indian bureaucracy is totally against Nepal. Indian Foreign secretory S. Jayasankar, Nepal desk chief Avay Thakur are against the political approach of good relationship. They are followed by Indian ambassador to Nepal Ranjti Roy. Collectively Jayasankar, Thakur and Roy are forcing leaders not to normalize the situation with Nepal.

Nov 6, 2015 Fri: PM KP Oli has said  the indian blockade of key border points is more inhuman than a war.  He further told a delegation of the Federation of Nepali Journalists (FNJ) that “Neighbouring country is bullying us on one hand and raising issues of impunity on the other”

The  largest Indian communist party CPI (Marxist) has criticized the behavior of Indian government to Nepal. They have said that PM Modi and BJP government did that purposefully looking the benefit of party in Bihar election.

Nov 5, 2015 Thu:  Nepal and China has made an agreement to open 7 new border points and 2 dry ports. 2 border points Tatopani and Rasuwagadhi are already in use. The new 7 points are Olanchunggola (Taplejung), Kimanthaka (Sankhuwasabha),  Lamabagar (Dolakha), Larke (Gorkha), Mugu district and Yari (Humla). Dry port in Larcha (Sindhuplanchowk) is under construction where as new one will be constructed in Timure (Rasuwa).

Nov 4, 2015 Wed: Nepal has raised "the issue of Indian blockade" in international forum. Deputy PM and Foreign minister Kamal Thapa said "any exogenous interest will only complicate matters" in the meeting of universal periodic review about Nepal in Jeneva. Thapa was replying the Indian aligation about violance in Nepal during maoist's civil war. India had said that it was “concerned” over “lack of political progress” and incidents of “violence, extra-judicial killings and ethnic discrimination” in Nepal.

Nov 3, 2015 Tue: China has said Nepal's matter should be solved without outside interference. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said “China is closely following the situation in Nepal. differences should be resolved properly through consultations in a peaceful manner with no interference from outside, restore stability back to Nepal as soon as possible and stay committed to post disaster reconstruction and long-term development of Nepal”

Nov 2, 2015 Mon: One Indian citizen named Ashish Kumar Ram involved in Madheshi protest killed in Birganj today. Several hundreds protesters had attacked the police post near Indo-Nepal border. Protesters also burn down Birgunj post office and Mahuhani police office. Earlier today, Nepal police had cleared the border to pass over 150 indian trucks into India. Indian PM Narendra Modi called Nepali PM KP Oli on phone and expressed his concern about the death of Indian protester.

Instead of apologizing the involvement of Indian citizens in Madheshi protest, Indian foreign ministry and Indian embassy in Nepal has said that the killed protester was innocent.

Nov 1, 2015 Sun (2072 Kartik 15): Government and Madheshi front had dialogue today in office of SS Forum in Tinkune, Kathmandu. Government agreed on medication of injured protesters and compensation to the family of died protesters. Government "noted" the demand of re-drawing of provinces and said they need the political consensus on any change in declared provinces. The Madheshi protest is in 79th day.

12 tankers of fuel trucks have entered Nepal until this morning from China through Rasuwa border. First 3 tankers came last night. Each tanker carry approx 9,000 to 12,000 liters. China has agreed to supply 33% fuel Nepal need.

Oct 31, 2015 Sat: Maoist candidate Nand Kishor Pun "Pasang" elected as the vice-president of Nepal defeating Nepali congress candidate Amiya Kumar Yadav by 325 -212 votes out of total casted 547 votes. Pun was the chief commander of Maoist's Pepole liberation army since Sep 2008 until it was disbanded. Protesting madheshi parties did not involve in the election.

Oct 29 2015 Thu (Kartik 12): Government and Madheshi front had dialogue today in the foreign ministry, Kathmandu. Kamal Thapa, Agni Kharel, Rekha Sharma and Ramjanam Chaudhari represented the government were as Laxmanlal karn, Hridiesh Tripathi and Lalbabu Raut represented the front. They agreed to form a committee to monitor the injured and under trial protesters. Committee members are Agni Kharel and Lalbabu Raut. 

Newly elected President Bidhya Bhandari has taken oath of the office. Outgoing president Rambaran Yadav has left the presidential house "shital niwas". He is now shifted to the official VVIP residence in Bhainsepati.

China, India and USA has congratulated the newly elected president of Nepal.

Oct 28, 2015 Wed :  Bidhya Devi Bhandari elected as the Second President (also the first female president) of Nepal. Among total 597 MPs 549 voted except protesting Madheshi parties. Bhandari, candidate from UML supported by all parties in government, got 327 votes whereas defeated candidate from Nepali Congress Kulbahadur Gurung got 214 votes.

Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC) has signed MoU with PetroChina (china's largest and one of the state-owned petroleum company) to buy petroleum products. Before this Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) had monopoly in Nepal's oil market. Nepal used to buy petroleum products of worth $1.3 billion from India annually. Before some days China had also announced to give Nepal 1000 metric tonne petroleum products immediately on grant basis amid serious fuel crisis.

China has expressed its readiness for "friendly" talks with India about Nepal and acute fuel shortage due to a blockade of border points. Spokesman of Chinas foreign ministry Lu Kang told this in a media briefing today.

Oct 25, 2015 Sun (Kartik 8): Government and Madheshi front had dialogue today. It was said to be positive. Next talk will be in Kartik 12. Kamal Thapa, Agni Kharel, Rekha Sharma and Ramjanam Chaudhari represented the government and Mahantha Thakur, Hridayesh Tripathi, Laxmanlal Karna, Lalbahadur Raut and Ramnaresh Yadav represented the front today. 

Madheshi protest is in its 72nd day today and 32nd day of protest on Indo-Nepal border.

Oct 24, 2015 Sat (Kartik 7): European Union has requested India to open its unofficial blockade on Nepal. Jean Lambert, chair of the committee about South Asia in the European parliament issued a press release about it.

Oct 22, 2015 Thu (Kartik 5): Today Nepali people celebrated Vijaya-dashami, the main festival in the year, without proper fuel for the vehicle and enough LPG gas for cooking. About 2 million people from every corner of Nepal living in the capital city Kathmandu used to visit their hometown every year for this festival.

Oct 20, 2015 Tue (Kartik 3): Government and Madheshi front had brief dialogue today in the office of TMLP in Bijulibazar, Kathmandu. Kamal Thapa, Agni Sharma, Rajanam Chaudhari and Rekha Sharma represented the government and Mahantha Thakur and Hridayesh Tripathi represented the front today. Since many of the members of dialogue teams were unavailable, talk was postponed after the introduction.

Oct 19, 2015 Mon: On the last day of his 3 day visit Nepali deputy PM and foreign minister Kamal Thapa met Indian PM Narendra modi today. Yesterday he had met Indian foreign minster Sushma Swaraj and Home minister Rajnath Singh. Indian leaders assured the free flow of goods through India-Nepal border points. But despite of their several commitment India has still put blockade on the supply.

Government formed a team to talk with protesting Madheshi front. The dialogue team is led by Deputy PM Kamal Thapa and the members are Minister of Law Agni Kharel, Minister of general administration Rekha Sharma and Minister without portfolio Ramjanam Chaudhari.

Oct 16, 2015 Tue (Ashoj 29, 2072): Onsari Gharti unanimously elected as the Speaker of the parliament. She was deputy-speaker before. Similarly Ganga Yadav unanimously elected as the Deputy-Speaker. 

Gharti was the candidate of UCPN Maoist and Yadav was the candidate of RPP Nepal. Ruling parties UML, Maoist, RPP Nepal and MJF democratic had agreement on this before. Main opposition Nepali Congress also supported both candidate.

Oct 13, 2015 Mon: Unofficial Indian blockade on Nepal has got loose since the election of new PM. Significant numbers of loaded trucks have entered Nepal yesterday and today.

Leaders of protesting Madheshi parties are criticized by madheshi people for their involvement in PM election. Mr. Brijesh Kumar Gupta, vice-leader of TMLP and Sarita Giri, joint-president of Sadbhawana Party led by Ani Kumar Jha has resigned from their post.

Oct 12, 2015 Sun: PM elect KP Oli has taken oath as the Prime Minister of Nepal. Bijaya Gachhadar, leader of MJF Democratic and Kamal Thapa, leader of RPP Nepal became vice-prime ministers. MJF is one of the protesting Madhehsi party and RPP Nepal is a far right Hindu royalist party.

Chinese PM Li Keqiang has congratulated the new PM of Nepal.

Oct 11, 2015 Sun: KP Sharma Oli elected as new Prime Minister of Nepal by the parliament. Out of total 587 votes Oli got 338 votes. Another candidate current PM Sushil Koirala got only 249 votes.

Protesting Madheshi and Tharuhat parties also involved in the election process. United Madheshi front (S.S. Forum, TMLP, Sadbhawana, TMSP) voted in favor of Sushil Koirala. MJF Democratic voted KP Oli making 8-point deal with UML.

Nepal's two neighbors India and Chin congratulated the new PM. Indian PM Narendra Modi congratulate on the phone and invited him to visit India. Chinese ambassador to Nepal Wu Chuntai went to Oli's residence in Balkot.

Oct 10, 2015 Sat: PM Koirala has announced his candidacy for next PM. He had said not to be the candidate in the yesterday's meeting of his party Nepali congress. India is being blamed to be the player behind this.

Election is due tomorrow morning. Another PM candidate KP Oli has said to have majority members in his favor SO FAR.

Oct 9, 2015 Fri: Prime Minister Suhil Koirala has resigned from his post. Election of the new PM is due Sunday in the parliament. UML president KP Oli has announced the candidacy which is proposed in the parliament by Maoist president Prachanda and supported by RPP Nepal president Kamal thapa. UML, Maoist and RPP-N are second, third and forth largest parties in the parliament. Currently 3 parties have 291combined seats out of current 598 total seats.

Oct 8, 2015 Thu: Government of Nepal has opened the global tender for importing petroleum products in Nepal. Indian oil corporation had the monopoly in Nepal's oil market before this.

Oct 7, 2015 Wed: Today's dialogue between Government and Madheshi front has ended without conclusion. Madheshi front has demanded clear cut two provinces in terai region.

Youths have protested in front of Indian embassy in Kathmandu with petrol in bottol. India has blocked supply of oil in Nepal but Indian Embassy yesterday had requested oil from Nepal oil corporation for their use. After that hastag #DonateOiltoIndianEmbassy had got viral in twitter.

Oct 5, 2015 Mon (Ashoj 18): Major 3 parties in government and Madheshi morcha had dialogue today. Congress leader Mahesh Acharya, UML leader Agni Kharel and Maoist leader Narayan Kaji Shrestha Prakash represented the government. Madheshi front presented 35 points amendments in the constitution. Dialogue was completed without entering into political matter.

Oct 4, 2015 Sun: Protesting Madheshi front has formed a 4-member dialogue team for talks with the government. The four members are Laxmanlal karna from Sadbhawana, Sarbendranath Sukla from TMLP, Lalbabu raut from Forum and Ramnaresh Raya from TMSP.

Despite of their announcement yesterday India has continued its blockade on Indo-Nepal border. Sunday out of 110 sent petroleum tankers they fueled only 10. Nepal oil corporation has refused to take just 10 tankers saying India is cheating to showoff the world.

Oct 3, 2015 Sat: After the criticism in both Nepal and India the Government of India has agreed to lift its unannounced-blockade on Indo-Nepal border. Indian foreign ministry informed about this to Nepali foreign ministry. Also Indian ambassador to Nepal informed this to Nepali PM. India had been cutting the supply of essential goods, medicine and petroleum to landlocked Nepal since 10 days without acknolodging it.

Oct 2, 2015 Fri : On the first meeting of transformed parliament today Prime Minister Sushil koirala has announced to resign from his post to give the way for new government. The new constitution has provisioned to from a new national government within a week of the first meeting. President has called political parties to form new government according to Article 298 (2).

Unofficial dialogue between protesting Tharu and Madheshi parties and the government is still going on. They are yet to reach on the conclusion. Meanwhile the protest has reached 45th day so far.

Sep 29,2015 Tue (Ashoj 12, 2072 BS): Baburam Bhattarai, splinter leader of UCPN Maoist, has addressed a rally in Jahakpurdham. He is believed to be sympathetic to Madheshi protest. But as soon as he left the program the stage was burn by the protesters. There are many parties, fronts and groups involved in Madhesh protest. Sometime they protest together and sometimes separately.

Nepal itself has restricted to import fruits and vegetables from India in protest of Unannounced Indian blockade in Nepal mainly in Petroleum and Natural gas. Indian custom has been loose on fruits and vegetable trucks to show the world they have not done any sanction in Nepal. Nepal is believed to be relatively self sufficient in fruits and vegetables.

Sep 28, 2015 Mon (Ashoj 11, 2072 BS): Association of Cable TV operators in Nepal decided to stop broadcasting Indian channels in Nepal from tomorrow in the protest of unannounced Indian blockage on Landlocked Nepal.

Vice president of Nepal has issued a statement in support of Madheshi protest. He was heavily criticized in Nepal and suspended for some time (aug 2009-feb 2010) after taking oath of the office in Hindi language. He was reinstalled in the post after he retook the oath in his native Maithili language.

Sep 27, 2015 Sun (Ashoj 10, 2072 BS): Unannounced Indian blockade on Landlocked Nepal has created severe effect to general Nepali people. Scarcity of petroleum and LPG has its bad effect from all kind of transportation to Kitchen. People are protesting in front of Indian embassy in Nepal. (L1)

Madheshi protesters have continued to protest from Indian side of border. Indian police and public are openly supporting the protest. (L2)

Sep 26, 2015 Sat (Ashoj 9, 2072 BS): Influential UCPN Maoist leader and former prime minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai left the party and his membership of parliament. He was active in constitution making process and had headed the political dialogue and consensus committee in the constituent assembly. (L1)

Government of Nepal has made a conclusion that the Indian Government has intentionally blocked the supply of good through the Indo-Nepal border. GON decided to take the matter to international forum as India violating universal right of a landlocked country and WTO free trade agreements. Because of the blockade fuel has become scarce in Nepal. Government has decided to imposed even-odd system (even-odd vehicle number plate to drive on even or odd days) from Sunday to control the use of petroleum. (L2)

India has continued "unannounced blocking" of all of check point of Indo-Nepal border in the name of safety. But most of the blocked check points are way too far from Madhesh region and in normal condition. Two major check points (Birgunj and Nepalgunj) are disturbed by Mesheshi protesting in Indian soil and  in 'no mans land' on the border and with the logistic and physical help of Indian police and public. (L3)

Sep 25, 2015 Fri (Asoj 8, 2072 BS): Nepali Foreign Ministry has asked clarification from Indian Ambassador about Indian blockade in the border. Indian Foreign ministry also issued a press note today and claimed that the obstructions are due to protests on the Nepalese side. But India has been providing logistic support to the Madheshi protest and has started to control the flow in Indo-Nepal border. And following their government many major Indian media has has started giving false information about the constitution and spreading propaganda. (L1)(L2) (L3)

Sep 24, 2015 Thu (Ashoj 7, 2072 BS): India has started blocking the open Indo-Nepal border to pressurize Nepal through control of supply. They did not let enter any Trucks through one of the major southern border point Biratnagar today. Similarly only 12 Trucks came through another southern point Belhiya-Rupendehi where 600 vehicles used to come every day. Only 6 vehicles entered through eastern port Kakadbhitta where about 150 trucks used to pass normally. The Kakadbhitta border is significantly far from protesting Madhesh are. Birgunj check post was interrupted by Madhesi protesters. (L)
Sep 23, 2015 Wed (Ashoj 6, 2072 BS): Indian Express, a major newspaper in India, published that India gave list of "7-point demand" to Nepal for amendment of the constitution. But the given Indian demands are different than the demands of protesting Madheshi parties. Indian foreign ministry though rejected this news. (L1)(L2)

After having consultation in Delhi Indian ambassador to Nepal Ranjit Ray had returned Kathmandu this morning and met the Nepali prime minister.  He also met Prachanda in the day and clarified that 7-points demands published in the media are not Indian demands.

Russian foreign ministry acknowledged that Nepal's new constitution meets the generally accepted standard.

Sep 22, 2015 Tue (Ashoj 5, 2072 BS): Hashtag #BackOffIndia has made the worldwide trend in twitter today. Nepali people are furious about Indian intervention in Nepal. India is angry that Nepal democratically issued the constitution and rejected the Indian advice.

United States, Germany and France welcomed the new Constitution in the statements issued by their foreign ministry today. (L1) (L2)

Sep 21, 2015 Mon (Ashoj 4, 2072): Three major political parties (Congress, UML & Maoists) organized a combined rally in Kathmandu to welcome the new constitution today. Prachanda announced that "they are not YES man of India."

Indian Foreign ministry issued second statement today about their concern in the new constitution. India indirectly threatened Nepal to seal the open Indo-Nepal border. India had initially made some unsuccessful attempts to delay / block the constitution. (L)

China, Japan, Pakistan, UK, EU, Switzerland and Norway welcomed the new constitution.

Sep 20, 2015 Sun (Ashoj 3, 2072 BS): President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav promulgated the Constitution of Nepal in the last meeting of Constituent Assembly today. 

The new constitution is welcomed throughout the country with fireworks and illumination. Some unsatisfied political parties (Madheshi and Tharuhat parties) celebrated the day as a black day.

With the issuance of the new constitution the Constituent Assembly has finished all its given job. The CA now has automatically transferred as a regular parliament which will last some more years.

Indian foreign ministry issued a statement about Nepal and said they have noted that Nepal got a new constitution. They have not welcomed the constitution. (L)

Sep 19, 2015 Sat (Ashoj 2): Three major political parties once again jointly appealed agitating Madheshi and Tharuhat parties for dialogue. They say they are ready for adjusting the boundary of proposed 7 provinces. Madheshi parties refused the dialogue.

Chairman of CA Subhaschandra Nemwang also appealed protesting parties to sign on the new constitution before its promulgation.

A new political front is established in Madhesh by Sadbhawana Party, splinter CPN Maoist led by Matrika Yadav & Terai Madhesh Rastriya Abhiyan led by JP Gupta. Leader of the new front is president of Sadbhawana Party Rajendra Mahto. Before this Sadbhawana party was in Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha (United Democratic Madheshi Front- UDMF) with other three parties (Sanghiya Samajbadi Forum led by Upendra Yadav, Terai Madesh Loktantrik Party led by Mahantha Thakur & Terai Madhesh Sadbhawana Party led by Mahendra Raya Yadav. UDMF has been leading Madheshi protest since more than a month.

Sep 18, 2015 Fri (Ashoj 1): 537 CA member signed the 5 official copies of endorsed new constitution today. 4 CA members who were absent in voting (Rajya Laxmi Golchha, Bishwendra Paswan, Meghraj Nepali Nishad & Laxman Rajbanshi) also signed the constitution despite of their bad health condition. Chairman of constituent assembly Subash Chandra Nembang then certified the constitution.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's special envoy to Nepal S. Jayasankar arrived Kathmandu this morning. He met with UML president KP Oli, Various Madheshi leaders, UCPML leders Prachanda, Baburam bhattarai etc, President Rambaran Yadav and Prime Minister Sushil Koirala throughout the day. He is being suspected for vandalizing constitution process by Nepali nationalist.

Sep 16, 2015 Wed (Bhadau 30, 2072 B.S.):  Nepal's Constitution 2072 B.S. is endorsed by the constituent assembly meeting by 2/3 majority today. Out of total 598 current CA members 507 voted for YES (84.78%), 25 Voted No and 66 were absent. 25 CA members who voted against the constitution were the leaders of RPP-Nepal, a hindu royalist party. [List of absent CA members: See below]

Among 598 current total members 532 (88.96%) were present in the meeting. 54 members from 8 Madheshi Parties [Sanghiya Samajbadi Forum (15), MJF Democratic (14), TMLP (11), Sadbhawana (6), Terai Madhesh Sadbhawana (3), Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi (3),  MJF-Republic (1), Sanghiya Sadbhawana (1)] and 3 members from 2 Tharuhat parties [Tharuhat Terai (2), Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch-Tharuhat (1)]  and 1 independent member (Chandreshwor Jha) has been absent since weeks in favor of Madhesh and Tharuhat protests. 2 Congress, 1 UML, 1 Maoist and 3 other lawmakers from 3 small parties also did not attend the meeting. [See below: list of all absent CA members]

Constituent Assembly initially had provisioned total 601 members out of which 240 were directly elected (FPTP) (incl 2 independent), 335 were proportional and 26 had to be nominated. But out of 26 nomination 2 were still due. Also the seat of RPP leader and former Prime Minister Surya Bhahdur Thapa was empty after he died in Apr 2015.

Articles 177 to 308 were also endorsed clause-by-clause by constituent assembly earlier today. The constitution has total 308 articles including 6 added today.

Sep 15, 2015 Tue : articles 58 to 176 endorsed by the constituent assembly meeting today.

CA meeting also unanimously passed a bill about "the issuance of new constitution on Sep 20" to make president lawfully liable to attend the constitution issue ceremony. Some people believe that President Ram Baran Yadav is against the constitution. It is provisioned that a new president will be elected within a month of new constitution. Current president has been serving since last 7 years.

4 people killed in Madheshi protest near Madhendra Highway in Bethri, Rupendehi district.

Sep 14, 2015 Mon: articles 4-57 endorsed by constituent assembly meetings today. New constitution is expected to be issued on Sep 20th (Ashoj 3, 2072 B.S.)

Sep 13, 2015 Sun: first 3 articles of Nepal's future constitution endorsed by the constituent assembly today.  Articles 1 and 2 were endorsed unanimously where as article 3 by majority. Its is provisioned that each articles must be endorsed clause-by-clause. There are total 302 articles and 9 appendix in the proposed constitution.

541 members among current 598 were present in the meeting. Members of protesting Madheshi parties did not attend.  It is said to be the highest attended meeting of this constituent assembly so far.


Sep 11, 2015:  3 protesters killed in Janakpur, and 2 killed in Jaleshwor in violent Madheshi protest today. Protesters also killed one Junior police office A.S.I Dhaman Bahadur B.K. in Mahottari district.

Three major parties meeting today again called the protesters for lalk and they decided to pause constitution process for 2 days to make environment for that.

Sep 9, 2015: 4 people killed in Madheshi protest in Jaleshwor city of Mahottari district and one killed in Bhardah Janakpur. Three major political parties once again called the protesting Madheshi & Tharuhat parties to talk and resolve the issue. The constitution is going to be issued very soon; and the three parties want protesting groups to use the chance before the constitution is finalized.

Sep 5, 2015: Three major political parties (Congress, UML & Maoists) agree to present common amendment proposal on the Bill of the new constitution to address ongoing protests on Madhesh and Tharuwan regions. Tharuhat demand will be addressed by 'state commission'. Four other commissions will be formed- for Janajatis, Muslims, Madheshi and Tharu communities. Baglung district will not be divided. Division of Rukum district will be reviewed by 'state commission'. Forth party in the meeting MJF-Democratic opposed this agreement and said it will boycott the voting process in the Constituent Assembly (CA).

Sep 1, 2015: 5 protesters killed in violent protest organized by Madheshi front in Bara & Persa districts of south eastern Nepal. Tharu protest in south western Nepal is still on going.


Aug 24, 2015: 8 police officers (including SSP Laxman Neupane, inspectors Balaram Bishta and Keshav Bohora and 2 others from Nepal police and 2 from APF), one child and 3 protesters killed in Kailali district in a violent protest organized by Tharuhat/ Tharuwan united front. Some police officers were burnt alive. Other 17 from Police and 21 from APF were injured in the incident. Tharu protesters are demanding Tharuhat state in future federal Nepal. Following the incident emergency meeting of the National Security Council in Kathmandu decided to deploy the army in Kailali, Sarlahi and Rautahat districts.

Aug 21, 2015: After several protests in two weeks 3 major political parties (Congress, UML & Maoist) now agree on a new 7 states model. Three parties have combined 451 (75%) seats in Constituent assembly. 4th party from earlier agreement (Forum-democratic) opposed the agreement.

The 6th state from the earlier "6-state model" is divided into two creating new 6th and 7th state. Salyan district from earlier 5th state is given to new state-6. One village (thori) from parsa district in state-2 is given to state-3.
---
Many regional organizations and parties protested against earlier proposed 6 states model demanding:-
- Akhanda Sudur-paschim (undivided far-west region)
- Akhanda Madhya-paschim (undivided mid-west region)
- Tharuhat Pradesh (from Nawalparasi to Kanchanpur excluding hill districts)
- Karnali pradesh (including present Karnali zone)
- Akhanda Baglung district (not to divide present baglung district)
---
Aug 8, 2015: Four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist and Forum-Democratic) agree on a new 6 states model. All new 6 states will have boundary with India. 4 states (except 2 Lumbini & Madhesh) will have boundary with China as well.

Jul 2, 2015: CA started to discuss over the draft.

2015 June 30: Chairman of constitution draft committee Krishna Prasad Sitaula presented the draft of the constitution in the CA.

June 9, 2015 : 16-points agreement between four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist and Forum-Democratic). They also agreed on 8 state model. But boundaries are not yet finalized. Maoist led 30-party alliance split. (see DOCUMENT here)

Apr 25, 2015 : Earthquake in Nepal

Jan 19, 2015 (Magh 5, 2071): Maoists broke chairs in the Constituent Assembly. Maoist member Umesh Yadav came in news. 30-party alliance led by Maoist and Madheshi front is agitating against the government since months. 

Nov 26/27, 2014: 18th SAARC summit

Oct 27, 2014: CPN-UML proposes 4 states model. Each states will consists hills and terai regions. The proposed four states are: Eastern, Central, Gandak & Karnali. (Link) Later other leaders of UML criticized this idea. UML officially supports Congress 6 or 7 states model. (Link)

Oct 12, 2014: Nepali Congress proposed two model of six- or seven-states (Link)

Apr 4, 2014 (2070 Chaitra 21): 67 membered constitution draft committee sworn-in by CA chief Subaschandra Nemwang. Committee will have total 73 members (link)

March 28, 2014: CA secreterient submitted the desition of last CA to the president of current CA. (2070 चैत १४ : संधिवानसभा सचिवालयले अघिल्लो संविधानसभाका निर्णय र अभिलेख सभामुखलाई पेस गर्यो, सभामुखले संविधान अभिलेख अध्ययन तथा निक्र्योल सििमतमा पठाए)

Feb 26, 2014: Maoist leader Onsari gharti elected as vice-chairman of CA. (2070 फागुन १४:  उपाध्यक्ष तथा उपसभामुखका ओनसरी घर्तीलाई संविधानसभाले बहुमतले निर्वाचित गर्यो )

Feb 18, 2014: UML leader Subash Chandra Nemwang elected as President of Constituent Assembly.

Aug 3/4, 2014: Indian PM Narendra Modi visited Nepal

Nov 19, 2013 (2070 Mangsir 4): Election of 2nd Constituent Assembly

Apr 28, 2012 : UML presented the new proposal to federate the country into 12 states. (L)

Jan 19, 2012 : State Reconstruction Commission proposes two separate federal structures, one with 11 states (including one non territorial state) and another with 6 states.

Jan 20, 2010: State Reconstruction Committee of CA passes federal structure of 14 states supported by UCPNM and UML. 14 proposed states and map are as follows:-

east hills: Limbuwan, Kirat, Sherpa, Sunkoshi,
central hills: Newa, Tamsaling,
west hills: Narayani, Tamuwan, Magarat, Jadan, Karnali, Khaptad,
terai: Mithila-Bhojpura-Koch-Madhesh, Lumbini-Awadh-Tharuwan.

May 28, 2008: First Constituent Assembly (CA) meeting declares Nepal to be federal democratic republic by 560-4 votes. (1, 2)

Apr 10, 2008 : First Constituent Assembly election.CPN Maoist, Nepali Congress, CPN-UML & MJF became 1st,2nd,3rd & 4th party respectively.

------------------------------------------------------
Feb 28, 2008 : 8-point agreement (८ बुँदे सहमति)  between Government and "Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha" including MJF, TMLP, Sadbhawana Party (Agreed on Nepal to be Federal democratic republic and there will be autonomous Madhesh state). (see DOCUMENT here)

Aug 30, 2007: 22-point agreement between government and MJF

Jan 16 2007 : Madhesh uprising started led by Madheshi Janadhikar Forum (MJF)

Jan 15, 2007 : Interim constitution of Nepal 2007 issued.

Apr 24, 2006 : '19 days-Democracy movement of Nepal' ended, King re-instated the old parliament.

Feb 13, 1996 - Nov 21, 2006 : Maoist's Civil war & Peace agreement

1st Constituent Assembly:
Election day: April 10, 2008
First meeting : May 28, 2008
* First deadline: May 28, 2010 (2067 Jeth 14) 2 years,
* Second deadline: May 28, 2011 (2068 Jeth 14) 1 year,
* Third deadline: Aug 31, 2011 (2068 Bhadau 14) 3 months,
* Forth deadline: Nov 30, 2011 (2068 Mangsir 14) 3 months
Nov 25, 2011 (2068 Mangsir 9): Supreme court allows to add only 6 months more time. (L)
* Fifth deadline: May 27, 2012 (2069 Jeth 14) 6 months [CA dissolved]

2nd Constituent Assembly:

Election day: Nov 19, 2013
First meeting: Jan 21, 2013
* First deadline: Jan 22, 2015 (Magh 8, 2071) 1 year
No more new deadlines

Governments:-
Feb 11, 2014 - Present : Shushil Koirala as PM
Mar 14, 2013-Feb 11, 2014: Khil Raj Regmi as PM [Election Government]
Aug 29, 2011-Mar 14, 2013 : Baburam Bhattarai as PM
Feb 6, 2011 - Aug 29, 2011: Jhal Nath Khanal as PM
*16-times PM election : Ram Chandra Paudel (1st to 16th) vs Prachanda (1st to 7th) [Nobody won]
*(2010 July 21 1st - Aug 23 5th - Oct 6 10th - Nov 1 15th - Nov 4 16th)
May 25, 2009 - Feb 6, 2011 : Madhav Kumar Nepal as PM
Aug 18, 2008 - May 25, 2009 : Prachanda as PM
July 23, 2008 - present : Ram Baran Yadav as 1st President of Nepal
Apr 25, 2006 - Aug 18, 2008 : Girija Prasad Koirala as PM


See Also:-
  1. List of proposed federal structures
  2. Nepal related pages
  3. Timeline of Nepali Civil War (1996-2006)
  4. Unification of Nepal
  5. Historical administrative divisions of Nepal

CA Procedures (technical part)
http://setopati.com/constituent-assembly

2071 जेठ १३ : राज्य पुनर्संरचना उच्चस्तरीय आयोगले तयार पारेको प्रतिवेदन अभिलेख तथा अध्ययन तथा निक्र्योल समितिमा पुग्यो । 
jeth 5 : संबिधानसभाबाहिर रहेका दलहरुलाई संबिधान लेखन प्रक्रियामा ल्याउन  राजनीतिक सम्बाद तथा सहमति समितिले समिति सदस्य पूर्ण बहादुर खड्काको सयोजकत्वमा ९ सदस्यीय उपसमिति गठन  ।

2015 Apr 25: Earthquake in Nepal

2072 jeth 25 (2015 June 9): प्रमुख तीन राजनीतिक दल र मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम लोकतान्त्रिकका शीर्ष नेताबीच १६ बुँदे सहमति

2072 Jeth 28: संवाद समितिले ०७२ जेठ २८ मा संविधानसभामा प्रतिवेदन पेस गरेको थियो । सभामा जेठ २९ मा छलफल भयो । सहमति भएका विषय मस्यौदा समितिमा पठाइयो ।

2072 asad 1: उपसमितिहरुले आज प्रतिवेदन बुझाउँदै

2072 ashad 15:  नेपालको संविधान, २०७२ को पहिलो  मस्यौदा संविधान सभामा पेश | संविधानको पहिलो मस्यौदामा  एक सय २८ पृष्ठको मस्यौदामा २९७ धारा छन्। मस्यौदामा २७ भाग छन् भने ७ अनुसूची राखिएका छन्।


2072 asad 17-22:  मस्यौदामाथि संविधानसभामा छलफल सुरु । छलफलमा करिब चारसय जनाले भाग लिए ।

2072 asad 22: नेपालको संविधान, २०७२’ को प्रारम्भिक मस्यौदालाई ‘जनताको प्रतिक्रियाका लागि नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशन गरियोस्’ भन्ने प्रस्तावलाई निर्णायार्थ  पेस गर्दा त्यसलाई दुई तिहाईभन्दा बढी बहुमतले पारित । सरकारले मस्यौदालाई राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित गरेको छ।  अब १५ दिनसम्म यसलाई जनतासमक्ष लगिने छ।

प्रत्येक
प्रत्येक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रका कम्तिमा दुई प्रमुख व्यापारिक केन्द्रमा सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रका सभासदसहित कर्मचारीहरु सुझाव संकलनका लागि आउँदैछन् । जिल्ला जिल्लामा पठाउनका लागि मस्यौदाको २ लाख कपी प्रकाशित

2072 saun 4,5 : सुझाव संकलन कार्य सञ्चालन । लाखौंको संख्यामा नागरिकहरुले सहभागी भई मस्यौदामा सुझाव दिए ।

2072 साउन १२:  को सभाको बैठकमा सुझाव संकलन समितिले विधेयकमाथिको राय–सुझावसम्बन्धी प्रतिवेदन पेस गर्यो ।

2072 साउन १३ : मा प्रतिवेदनमाथि छलफल भयो । जनताका सुझाव समेटेर प्रतिवेदन तयार पार्न सभाले राजनीतिक संवाद तथा सहमति समितिलाई दियो ।

2072 saun 27: संविधानसभाको बैठकले संबैधानिक राजनीतिक संवाद समितिले तयार पारेको प्रतिवेदनका साथै टुंगो लगाउन बाँकि विषयलाई समेटी पाँचदिनभित्र संविधानको विधेयक तयार पार्न मस्यौदा समितिलाई निर्देशन ।

2072 saun 29: एमाओवादी सभासद प्रभु साहद्वारा मस्यौदा समितिबाट राजीनामा | राजीनामा उनले समिति सभापति कृष्ण सिटौलालाई नै बुझाए ।

2072 bhadau 1: संविधानको विधेयक तयार पार्ने जिम्मा पाएको संविधान मस्यौदा समितिको म्याद आजैदेखि लागू हुनेगरी चार दिनका लागि थप।

2072 bhadau 6 :  संविधान मस्यौदा समिति सभापति कृष्णप्रसाद सिटौलाबाट संविधानको परिमार्जित विधेयक  संविधानसभामा पेश । लामो राजनीतिक उतारचढाव र खिचातानिका बाबजूद प्रमुख तीन दलका शीर्ष नेताहरुबीच शुक्रबार भएको सहमति पश्चात तयार समितिले विधेयक तयार पारेको थियो। मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम लोकतान्त्रिकका अध्यक्ष विजयकुमार गच्छदारले प्रदेशको सीमांकन र संख्या प्रति असहमति । मस्यौदा समितिले तयार पारको प्रतिवेदनमा ३७ भाग, ३०२ धारा र ९ अनुसूचि रहेको छ।

2072 भदौ 10-13:  संविधानसभा मस्यौदा समितिले पेस गरेको नेपालको संविधानको परिमार्जित विधेयकमा छलफल । विधेयकमाथि सामान्य संशोधनसहित दफावार छलफल भदौ २२,२३,२४,२५ र २७ को बैठकमा भयो । २७ देखि ३० सम्मका बैठकमा परिमार्जित विधेकयका सबै संशोधित धारा प्रस्तावना, नाम , प्रारम्भ र अनुसूचीमाथि समेत निर्णय भयो । अन्त्यमा दुईतिहाइभन्दा बढी पाँच सय सात मतले पारित भयो ।

नेपालको संविधान, २०७२ को मस्यौदा संविधान सभामा पेश
नेपालको संविधान, २०७२ को मस्यौदा संविधान सभामा पेश
2072 bhadau 30: endorsed by 507 votes.

2072 bhadau 31: नेपालको संविधानको पारित विधेयकमा भएका भाषागत त्रुटी र क्रमसंख्या मिलाउन बनाइएको "आनुषाङ्गिक समिति"ले सभाध्यक्षलाई प्रतिवेदन बुझायो http://setopati.com/constituent-assembly/33996/

2072 ashoj 1 friday: सचिवालयले अब प्रतिवेदन अनुसार भाषा तथा क्रमसंख्या मिलाएर शुक्रबार ५ प्रति संविधान छाप्नेछ। छापिएका प्रतिहरुमा संविधान सभा सदस्यहरुले शुक्रबार नै हस्ताक्षर गर्नेछन्। शुक्रबार साँझ पाँच बजे सभाध्यक्ष नेम्वाङले हस्ताक्षर गरी प्रमाणीत गर्ने छन्।

2072 ashoj 2 sat: अध्यक्ष नेम्वाङले प्रमाणित गरेको प्रतिहरुमा शनिबार राष्ट्रपति डा. रामवरण यादवले हस्ताक्षर गर्ने कार्यक्रम पनि तय भएको छ। राष्ट्रपति यादवले नियमावली अनुसारको ढाँचामा संविधानका प्रतिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्नेछन् र 

2072 ashoj 3 sun: संविधान संविधान सभा भवनमा आयोजना हुने विशेष समारोहमा जारी


related committees in the Constituent Assembly

1. मस्यौदा समिति - Constitution draft committee
माहतहतका उपसमिति - sub-committees
> व्यवस्थापकीय उपसमिति - संयोजक भरतमोहन अधिकारी (एमाले) - Parliament sub-committee
> प्रस्तावना र परिभाष उपसमिति - संयोजक जितेन्द्र देव (फोरम लोकतान्त्रिकका) - premble & definition sub-committee
> मौलिक हक, राज्यको निर्देशक सिद्धान्त उपसमिति -  संयोजक  अइन्द्रसुन्दर नेम्वाङ (माले) - fundamental right &  directive principle sub-committee
> न्यायपालिका उपसमिति - संयोजक रमेश लेखक (कांग्रेस) - Judiciary sub-committee 
> कार्यपालिका उपसिमिति - संयोजक हितराज पाण्डे (एमाओवादी) - Executive sub - committee
2. संविधान अभिलेख अध्ययन तथा निक्र्योल समिति
3. राजनीतिक सम्बाद तथा सहमति समिति
4. आनुषाङ्गिक समिति: for language correction
5. राज्यको पुन:संरचना र राज्य शक्तीको  बाडफाट समिति: re-structure & division of resources committee


 List of absent CA member on Voting day (Sep 16th, 2015)

स‍ंघीय समाजवादी फोरम नेपाल: उपेन्द्र यादव, उर्मिलादेवी शाह, अभिषेकप्रताप शाह ,अशोक कुमार राई ,छायाशर्मा पन्त 
डिलबहादुर नेपाली,उषा यादव , काशीम अलि सिद्दिकी , जन्नतुन निसा धुनिया , लक्ष्मीकुमारी चौधरी ,लालबाबु राउत , डा शिवजी यादव, श्रवणकुमार अग्रवाल , वीरेन्द्रप्रसाद महतो , राधादेवी तिमल्सिना 

तमलोपा:  सर्वेन्द्रनाथ शुक्ला, विजयकुमार सि‍ंह, अकबल अहमद शाह, इन्द्रा झा, कमलेश्वर पूरी गोस्वामी, केदारनन्दन चौधरी, जङ्गीलाल राय , ब्रिजेशकुमार गुप्ता , मिना चौधरी , रमेशप्रसाद कुर्मी, राजकुमारी गडेेरिया 

सदभावना पार्टी:  राजेन्द्र महतो, नरसि‍ंह चौधरी, लक्ष्मणलाल कर्ण, विमलकुमार केडिया, शैलकुमारी देव, माधवी रानी शाह

राष्ट्रिय मधेस समाजवादी पार्टी: दिनेशप्रसाद शाह, धर्मेन्द्रप्रसाद शाह तेली, निर्जला राउत

तराई मधेस सदभावना पार्टी नेपाल: नरेन्द्र शाह कलवार, महिन्द्र राय यादव, अमेरिका कुमारी

सरिताकुमारी यादव (फोरम गणतान्त्रिक), डिम्पलकुमारी झा (संघीय सद्भावना), चन्देश्वर झा (स्वतन्त्र)

फोरम लोकतान्त्रिक: विजयकुमार गच्छदार, डा. सुवोधकुमार पोखरेल, आशा चतुर्वेदी, कल्पना चौधरी, गीता क्षेत्री, जनकराज चौधरी, जितेन्द्र नारायण देव, मो मुस्ताक आलम, योगेन्द्र चौधरी, रमणी राम, पवनकुमार शारडा, बाबुराम पोखरेल, रामजनम चौधरी


थरुहट तराई पार्टी नेपाल: गोपाल दहित, ग‍ंगा चौधरी (सत्गौवा)

रुक्मणि चौधरी (संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च थरुहट)

प्रदीप गिरि (नेपाली कांग्रेस) (Pradip Giri is in Delhi for health check up)
शीला खड्का (नेपाली कांग्रेस) (Shila Khadka, wife of Khum Bdr Khadka, is in Hindu protest)
प्रभु साह (एमाओवादी) (Prabhu Shah voluntarily left CA in favor of Madheshi Protest)
राज्यलक्ष्मी गोल्छा (एमाले) (Said to be health issue)
जयन्ती देवी राई (एमाले) (?)
विश्वेन्द्र पासवान (दलित जनजाति पार्टी) (health issue, just finished hunger strike)
मेघराज नेपाली निषाद (मधेस समता पार्टी नेपाल) (health reason)
लक्ष्मण राजवंशी (नेपाः राष्ट्रिय पार्टी) (unknown)

References:-

  1. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/index.html
  2. http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2068/10/21/full-story/342271.html
  3. http://www.newsvitta.com.np/more
↧

New Federal Structure of Nepal

September 21, 2015, 6:38 pm
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New constitution of Nepal was promulgated in 2015 Sep 20. According to the new constitution following administrative divisions are be established.

(see also: historical administrative divisions, proposed federal structures)
New States/ Provinces
Official Map of Administrative divisions of Nepal by
Government of Nepal, Survey Department (karma99.com)
7 federal states are formed in Nepal removing old 14 zone and 5 development regions. Old 75 districts are kept as it is (but with much less role). However, 2 districts among them (Nawalparasi & Rukum) are divided and assigned to two different provinces, which effectively made total 77 districts in Nepal. Name and permanent capital city of the provinces will be given by 2/3 majority of the province's legislative.

The new 7 states are as follows :-

State no 1 : Population 4,534,943 - Area 25,905 sq km - districts 14
Possible name: Sagarmatha
Temporary Capital : Biratnagar

1. Taplejung 2. Panchthar 3. Ilam 4. Sankhuwasabha 5. Terhathum 6. Dhankuta 7. Bhojpur 8. Khotang 9. Solukhumbu 10. Okhaldhunga 11. Udayapur 12. Jhapa 13. Morang 14. Sunsari

State no 2: Population 5,404,145 Area 9,661 km.² - districts 8
Possible Name: Madhesh, Mithila, Central Madhesh
Temporary Capital: Janakpur

1. Saptari 2. Siraha 3. Dhanusha 4. Mahottari 5. Sarlahi 6. Rautahat 7. Bara 8. Parsa

State no 3: Population 5,529,452 Area 20,300 km.² - districts 13
Possible name: Central, Kathmandu
Temporary Capital: Hetauda

1. Dolakha 2. Ramechhap 3. Sindhuli 4. Kavrepalanchok 5. Sindhupalchok 6. Rasuwa 7. Nuwakot 8. Dhading 9. Chitwan 10. Makwanpur 11. Bhaktapur 12. Lalitpur 13. Kathmandu

State no 4: Population 2,413,907 Area 21,504 km.² - districts 10 & one 1/2
Proposed Name: Gandaki (li)
Proposed Capital: Pokhara

1. Gorkha 2. Lamjung 3. Tanahun 4. Kaski 5. Manang 6. Mustang 7. Parbat 8. Syangja 9. Myagdi 10. Baglung 11. Nawalparasi (east of Bardaghat Susta)

State no 5: Population 4,891,025 Area 22,288 km.² - districts 10 and 2 half
Possible name: Lumbini
Temporary Capital: Rupendehi

1. Nawalparasi (west of Bardaghat Susta) 2. Rupandehi 3. Kapilvastu 4. Palpa 5. Arghakhanchi 6. Gulmi 7. Rukum (eastern part) 8. Rolpa 9. Pyuthan 10. Dang 11. Banke 12. Bardiya

Karnali (old name- State no 6): Population 1,168,515 Area 27,984 km.² - districts 9 and half
Name: Karnali (State legislature approved Name & Capital on Feb 24, 2018 - li)
Capital: Birendranagar

1. Rukum (Western part) 2. Salyan 3. Dolpa 4. Jumla 5. Mugu 6. Humla 7. Kalikot 8. Jajarkot 9. Dailekh 10. Surkhet

State no 7: Population 2,552,517 Area 19,539 km.² - districts 9
Possible name: Far West, Mahakali
Temporary Capital: Dhangadhi

1. Bajura 2. Bajhang 3. Doti 4. Achham 5. Darchula 6. Baitadi 7. Dadeldhura 8. Kanchanpur 9. Kailali

Parliament seats (FPTP 60% + Proportional 40%)
Federal > 28+32+33+18+26+12+16= 165 FPTP +110 proportional = 275
State > 56+64+66+36+52+24+32= 330 FPTP + 220 proportional = 550
Max ministries= Federal 15 + State 7 x 7 = total 64
Max state ministers 20% of MPs= 19+21+22+12+17+8+11= 110
--------------------------------------------------------------
2017 Aug 21: Government decided to conduct Federal & Provincial election in Nov 26 in one phase. Government also decided to split Nawalparasi & Rukum into two districts. With this there are now total 77 districts in Nepal. In Aug 24 Election Commission decided to hold the election of 77 district coordination committees

2017 Aug 30:"Constituency area declaration committee" submitted the report declaring 165 constituencies for the federal parliament and combined 330 constituencies for 7 state parliaments. State 1 to State 7 will have 28, 32, 33, 18, 26, 12 & 16 constituencies respectively for federal parliament. According to the constitution the states parliament constituency will be the double number of federal constituencies.
2017 Aug 30: Government decided to conduct Federal & Provincial election in two phases one in Nov 26 and another in Dec 7 changing the decision of Aug 21 as per the demand of EC.

2017 Sep 9: Government has declared 4 districts Ramechhap, Dhading, Gorkha & East Rukum as Himali- mountain district. They were considered as Pahadi- hill district before.  Similarly East Nawalparasi is now categorized as Inner Madhesh district. (link)

2017 Oct 22: candidates nominated for 37 federal & 74 provincial seats for 1st phase of elections due for Nov 26 in 32 mountain districts.

2017 Nov 2: candidates nominated for 128 federal & 256 provincial seats for 2nd phase of elections due for Dec 7 in 45 hill & plain districts.

2017 Nov 26 & Dec 7: Parliament and 7 state legislatures election held. Left alliance of UML and CPN-M won clear majority in 6 states and became opposition in state no 2 where Madheshi alliance of RJPN & SSFN got the majority.

2018 Jan 17: Gov decided temporary state capitals and appointed Chief of States for all 7 states. State capital are (from state 1 to state 7): Biratnagar, Janakpur, Hetauda, Pokhara, Rupendehi, Surkhet and Dhangadhi. Following this decision protest happened in Dhakuta, Birgunj, Dang, Jumla & Dipayal asking for the capital in their cities.

2018 Jan 21: state legislator of all 7 states took oath in their respective states.

2018 Feb 1: first meeting of the state 3 legislature.
2018 Feb 4: first meeting of state 2,5,6 & 7 legislatures.
2018 Feb 5: first meeting of state 1 & 4 legislatures.
2018 Feb 12: Dormani Paudel (UML) sworn in as the Chief Minister of State no 3. Pradip Bhandari (UML) elected as the Speaker of State 1 legislature and Raj Bahadur Shahi (UML) elected as the Speaker of state 6 legislature.
2018 Feb 14: Saroj Kumar Yadav (RJPN) elected uncontested as the Speaker of State 2 Legislature. Purna Bahadur Gharti (CPNM) elected as the Speaker of State 5 legislature. Netra nath adhikari (CPNM) uncontested as the Speaker of State 4 legislature. Sherdhan Rai(UML) appointed as the chief minister of State 1 by chief of state. he will sworn in tomorrow.
2018 Feb 15: All 7 states got chief minister by today. Also KP Oli became PM of Nepal. Mahendra Bahadur Shahi (CPNM) and Trilochan Bhatta (CPNM) became the the chief minister of state no 6 and 7 respectively.
2018 Feb 20: State 6 adopted the name "Karnali" and the state capital "Birendranagar" by 2/3 majority as per constitutional requirement. Name was voted as 37-0 and capital was voted as 36-1 among current 39 membered state legislature.

Judicial system:-

Supreme Court of Nepal (सर्वोच्च अदालत) will remain as it is as the top of all courts in federal Nepal.

Old 16 Appeal Courts (पुनरावेदन अदालत) have been dissolved and each 7 states now have new High Courts (उच्च अदालत). Judges of old appeal courts are assimilated in to High courts. As of now there are 18 High courts of the state level including 7 high court, 9 high court extension offices and 2 temporary extension high courts.

Old 75 District courts are remained as it was but now work under the High court of their respective states.

(Link1) (link)
Local Level administration:-

According to article 55 of the new constitution there will be 3 levels of governments in Nepal: Federal Level, State level and Local Level each of which will have authority to make laws, annual budget, make plans and implement them under their respective jurisdiction and functional authority.

Now all lands of Nepal is divided into 753 local levels and 7 natural reserves. 7 reserves that do not belong to any local levels are : Shuklaphanta Wildlife reserve & Khaptad National Park of State 7,  Bardiya National Park of State -5, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve of State-4, Chitwan National Park of State 3-4, Parsa Wildlife reserve of State 2 and Kosi Tappu Wildlife reserve of State 1&2.

* 2015 Sep 20: Constitution was promulgated which has provisioned to form a 'Local area reconstruction commission - LARC' within 6 months to solve the technical issues to declare numbers and boundaries of local area.

* 2016 Mar 13 : Government has formed such commission named "Commission for declaring number and boundary of Village council, municipality and special, protected or autonomous areas" (गाउँपालिका, नगरपालिका तथा विशेष, संरक्षित वा स्वायत्त क्षेत्रको संख्या तथा सीमा निर्धारण आयोग). This commission has been given one year time to do its job.

Old Municipalities and Village Development Committees (VDC) will be replaced by new Nagar-Palika (Municipality) and Gaaun-Palika (Village Council). Currently there are 3,157 VDCs and 217 municipalities. LARC is working to reduce the number of City and villages down between 300 to 1,000. Local government services will be provided through Wards. Village will be divided into 5-21 wards whereas cities will be divided into 9-35 wards.

* 2016 July 19: LARC has proposed to establish total 565 local authorities. There will be minimum 3 and maximum 13 local authorities within a district. (link) New GauPalika must not incorporate more than 8 VDCs in Pahad & 9 VDCs in Terai.
Minumum population a local-level (स्थानीय तह) must have (LARC standard) is as follows:
GaauPalika: Himal 15,000 - Pahad 25,000 - Inner Madhesh 25,000 - Terai 50,000
NagarPalika:Himal 20,000 - Pahad 35,000 - InnerMadhesh & Terai 75,000
NagarPalika in District Headquarter: Pahad 45,000 - InnerMadhesh & Terai 95,000

*2016 Aug 16: Prachanda government has decided to change the "work order" of LARC as most of major political parties including NC and CPN UML have criticized the proposed number (565) of new local-levels for being too low. They said new organization should be based on geography not on population. (link)

*2016 Sep 25 (ashoj 9 Sun): three major political parties (NC,UML,MaoistCenter) have decided to change the basis of reconstruction to current area (iilaka) within districts. this will give about 900 local entities.
*Ashoj 11: Government has officially changed the basis of re-construction sending letter to larc.(link)
*Ashoj 13: members of LARC have became unsatisfied with new changes. larc has already got report from 52 among total 75 districts under old basis. they are discussing about resignation by everybody.(link)
*Ashoj 17: major 3 parties and Larc have come to the agreement. the new basis will be areas-iilaka but the mandatory requirement to have old municipalities are removed. this will give about 700 local area.(link)
*2016 Dec 26: LARC has requested government to receive the report they have made. government is delaying to receive the report fearing if they receive it they will have to implement. (link)
*2017 Jan 6: government has received the final report of LARC. It says there will be 462 Village Committees, 4 Metro, 12 sub-metro and 241 municipalities in Nepal totaling 719 local bodies. (link) (link)
* 2017 Jan 19: Chairman of NC Sher B deuba has demanded the "revision" in LARC report. Before this Madhehi parties also rejected the report. (link)
* 2017 Mar 5: Gov has decided to add 25 local levels making it total 744. Among these new local levels 21 are added in state-2, 2 in Kathmandu district and 1 each in Manang and Bajhang districts.
* 2017 May 14: First phase of local election held in the states 3,4 & 6 being based on newly formed 283 local levels (among total 744).
* 2017 May 22: government decided to add 22 new local levels in terai part of state no1,2,5&7 making 766 total local levels throughout the country. Biratnagar and Birgunj sub-metropolitan cities are also upgraded to Metropolitan city. Similarly 24 villages are upgraded to municipalities. Local Election is due in June 13 in these states. (link: 20170522Local)
* 2017 May 26: Supreme court has ruled not to implement government decision (May22) to increase no of municipalities for now citing it will violate local election act. (link: 20170626Supreme)
* 2017 June 28: Second phase of local election held in 334 local levels of states 1, 5 and 7.
* 2017 Aug: Gov added 9 local levels in State no 2 making total 753. (link) (link)
* 2017 Sep 18: Third phase of Local election held in 136 local levels of State no 2. (L, L2, L3, L4)
* 2017 Oct 11: Government has declared 57 local level as "Backward area". Before 5 districts of Karnali and 4 other districts were only considered backward area. Residents of backward area have preference in various government benefits. (link)
District administration:-

Article 220 of the constitution is about District Coordination Committee and District Assembly.

District Assembly (जिल्ला सभा) is the assembly of elected Chief and vice-chiefs of Local Levels inside a district.

Old District Development Committee-DDC ( जिल्ला विकास समिति) are now replaced as District Co-ordination Committee-DCC (जिल्ला समन्वय समिति). Most of executive powers of old DDC are transferred to Local levels so new DCC will work only as a co-ordinating body between Local levels inside the district. DCC will have 9 elected members including at least 3 women members. District Assembly members will vote for their district's DCC members.

Nepal Police:-

Currently Nepal Police has 67,416 posts including 1 IGP, 8 AIG, 34 DIG, 77 SSP, 134 SP, 387 DSP, 1,253 Inspector- 3,645 SI- 6,667 ASI- 12,574 Head constable and 39,374 constable among them Police headquarter has 5,388, Metropolitan police has 10,800, Eastern region has 12,162, Central region has 12,620, western region has 10,805, mid west region has 9,512 and far west region has 6129 police posts. (Link1)

2016 Jun 12: Task force of Nepal police has suggested one central police force and 7 state police forces. according to report :- There will be a central Nepal Police led by "Police Director General" (प्रहरी महानिर्देशक) under the central home ministry and each 7 states will have state police forces led by their State Police Inspector General (प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) under the respective state home ministries. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Kathmandu Metropolitan police, National police training center etc will work under central Nepal police. To make coordination between Nepal police and state police forces there will be one "Police affair federal coordination committee" (प्रहरी मामिला संघीय समन्वय समिति) led by federal home minister and its other members will be state home ministers and various gov officers. (Link2)

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2017 July: Government increased the posts of AIG from 3 to 11.
2017 Aug: Responsibilities of 7 states are assigned to AIGs. Now each state jurisdiction has one office of Nepal police. For eg: No 1 State Police Office, Biratnagar (li)
Armed Police Force:-

According to the article 268 of the constitution 37,000+ strong "Armed Police Force" (APF) (सशस्त्र प्रहरी बल) will work under federal government.

Nepal Army:-

2017 Sep: Nepal army has been federalized.  There used to be 6 army divisions (पृतना) (one each in  5 development regions and one division in Kathmandu valley). Now 8 divisions are maintained including one in each 7 states and one in Kathmandu valley.

Old Valley division headquarter is in Kathmandu is as it is and covers the Valley.
Old eastern division (पूर्वी पृतना) in Itahari will cover state 1,
Old central division (मध्य पृतना) in Hetauda will cover state 3 except Kathmandu valley,
Old western division (पश्चिम पृतना) in Pokhara will cover state 4,
Old mid western division (मध्यपश्चिम पृतना) in Surkhet is now renamed as north western division (उत्तरपश्चिम पृतना) and it will cover state 6.
Old far western division (सुदूरपश्चिम पृतना) in Dipayal will cover state 7.

Two new divisions are created for state 2 and state 5.
New mid-eastern division ( मध्यपूर्वी पृतना) in Bhiman, Dhanusha will cover state 2.
New mid-western division (मध्यपश्चिम पृतना) in Butwal will cover State 5.


Tags: new 7 pardesh naksa
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Provisions of the new Constitution of Nepal 2072 B.S.

November 10, 2015, 12:59 pm
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The current constitution of Nepal was promulgated in Sep 20, 2015. This constitution has provisioned the following rights to the citizens of Nepal.
Fundamental Rights (Part 3, Articles 16-46): ALL Nepali citizens are entitled to the following fundamental rights :- 
Right to live with dignity (A.16) (includes No death penalty)
Right to freedom (A.17) (All citizens are free to express their opinion, free to open political parties and organizations, go and live anywhere inside Nepal)
Right to equality (A.18) (all citizens are equal in the eyes of law. there will be no discrimination by origin, religion, race, color etc)
Right to communication (A.19) (freedom for press, online, redio, tv etc)
Right to justice (A.20) (nobody will be arrested without warrant, arrested person is free to appoint any legal advisor by their wish)
Right against torment (A.22) (nobody will be tortured)
Right against preventive confinement (A.23) (nobody will be kept confined without enough reason and by law)
Right against untouchability and discrimination (A.24) (nobody will be discriminated by their origin, race, community, profession or physical condition)
Right to property (A.25) (all citizens will have right to own, use, sell or make of transaction of property)
Right to religious freedom (A.26) (all citizens will have right to adopt, practice and protect their religions)
Right to information (A.27) (all citizens will have right to get public information which is not deemed as secret by law)
Right to privacy (A.28) (information of body, property, residence and communication of all citizen will be kept secret until required by law)
Right against exploitation (A.29) (nobody will be exploited in the name of tradition, no human will be purchased, sold or kept hostage, nobody can be forced to do any certain kind of work)
Right to clean environment (A.30) (all citizen have right to live in clean and healthy environment. they also have right of compensation if criteria is not met)
Right to education (A.31) (primary education is compulsory and free of cost, secondary education is free, and for handicapped people higher education is also free, every community has right to get education in their mother tongue / first language)
Right to language and culture (A.32) (ALL citizens are free to use, protect and promote their language and culture)
Right to employment (A.33) (All citizens have right to get or choose profession)
Right to labor (A.34) (All citizens have right to open or involve in trade unions)
Right to Health (A.35) (Basic healthcare is free to all citizens)
Right to food (A.36) (nobody will be endangered by hunger)
Right to shelter (A.37) (ALL citizens have right to housing)
Right to social justice (A.42)(Madheshi, Tharu, Minority, Marginalized, disable, women, backward area, sexual minority will get proportional representation in the state)
Right to social security (A.43) (poor, disabled, handicapped, single women, children, and endangered community will get special social security)
Right against banishment (A.45) (NO citizens will be kicked out of the country)
Right to constitutional Remedies (A.46) (Supreme Court and High court will define / order any required law and rules to implement given or any appropriate rights)

Fundamental rights for special groups:-
Right of victim of a crime (A.21) (full access to their trail, right for compensation and re-establishment)
Right of women (A.38) (38.4 proportional representation in all levels of government, couple have equal right in property)
Right of children (A.39) (ALL children have right of Identity, child labor and marriage banned)
Right of dalit (A.40) (Dalits will have proportional representation in all level of governments)
Right of senior citizen (A.41) (senior citizens will special protection form the government)
Right of consumer (A.44)

Language (for this section native languages means all 123 spoken languages in Nepal)

Article 6: All native languages spoken in Nepal are National language of Nepal 
Article 7a: Nepali in Devanagari script is used for Nepal government work
Article 7b: Beside Nepali language, any Provinces can choose one or more other languages spoken by majority population of that province for government work
Article 32.1 All persons and community has right to use their native language.
Article 32.3 All Nepali community will have right to protect and promote their language and culture.
Article 31.5 All Nepali community have right to get education in their native language,  also have right to establish and operate educational institution for that purpose.
Article 287: "Language commission" will be formed to protect and promote different native language of Nepal.

Citizenship 
Article 11.1: At the commencement of this constitution:  everybody who is already the citizen of Nepal before this constitution will be continue to be the citizen
Article 11.2.b: If the father or mother is citizen of Nepal at the birth then child will be citizen by linage.
Artible 11.3: If father or mother of a child (who has got the citizenship by birth) will get Nepali citizenship later than the child will be citizen by linage when he/her gets adult.
Article 11.4: Any child found inside Nepal whose parents are unknown then the child will be citizen of Nepal until his parents found and fixed accordingly
Article 11.5: Child born in Nepal form Nepali mother and unknown father will get citizenship by linage.
Article 11.6: foreign women married to Nepali citizen can get Naturalized citizenship
Article 11.7: Child of foreign citizen Man and Nepali women will get naturalized citizenship. But if the foreign father has already got Nepal citizenship then the child will get linage-citizenship
Article 11.9: Nepal gov can grant honorary citizenship.
Article 12: Citizenship certificate will specify sex as Male, Female or Other.
Article 14: Non Resident Nepali citizenship : any foreign citizen who himself or his either parents or either grand parents were Nepali citizen before then they can get Non-resident Nepali citizenship. But Such citizen will not have political rights.  


Provinces 
(Part5) National authority and resources will be divided into three level of governments.  
Central, Provincial and Local.
(Schedule 4) There will be 7 states. Districts that will form the 7 states are in the schedule 4.
(Schedule 5) Central government will be responsible for Defense and Army, War, Central police and armed police force, central planning, foreign relation, central bank, central fiscal planning, monetary and banking policy
(Schedule 6) Province government will be responsible for province police, radio, FM,TV, province civil service, healthcare, provincial language and culture, mine, forest and water resources inside the province, electricity, irrigation, universities inside the province, highway inside province etc
(Schedule 8) Local government will be responsible for local tax, police, basic healthcare, local statistics, co-operatives, local basic services.

Special provisions for minority, Madheshi, Tharu, Muslim, Women, Dalit, Aadvasi Janjati etc

Part 27 : Special commissions will be formed for women (252,252,254), Dalits (255,256,257),  Inclusiveness (258,259,260), Aadivasi Janajati (native people) (261), Madheshi (262), Tharu (262) and Muslim (264) people. Such commissions will look after and promote the rights of such communities.
Article 84.1.b : 110 out of total 275 members of House of Representative (lower house) will be chosen by proportional voting system. For this, every party must give candidate  according to the population of Madhesi, Muslim, Tharu, Aadivasi Janajati, Dalit, Women etc.
Article 176.1.b : Each province legislative must have 40% proportional representation which will be filled according to the population of Madheshi, Tharu, Muslim, Aadivasi Janajati, Dalit, Women etc.
Article 70: President and vice-president of Nepal must be from different sex or community.
Article 91.2 Either Speaker or deputy-speaker of House of representative must be women. 
Article 283:  Appointments in commissions and government offices must be made by proportional representation.
Article 286.5: declaring boundry of the constituency must be done considering population and geography.
Article 286.12 constituencies will be revised in every 20 years.
Article 288.2: Capital city of the province will be decided by province legislature with 2/3 votes.
Article 289.1:  To be the candidate, appointed or get elected for President, Vice-president, Prime Minister, Chief Justice, Speaker of lower house, President of higher house, Chief of State, Chief Minister of State, Speaker of state legislature and chief of security forces one must be the citizen of Nepal by linage.
Article 289.2: For the posts other than 289.1 one can be the citizen of Nepal by linage or by birth or by naturalization.
Article 291: Any Nepali citizen having permanent residence in foreign country will be banned from getting any constitutional posts. But if they give up the foreign residence they can assume post after 3 months.


Amendment of the Constitution

274 (8): Constitution can be amended by 2/3 majority of total members of both houses.
274 (9, 10): President shall sign and issue the amendment within 15 days
274 (4,5,6,7): If amendment is related to the rights or boundary of a province, then it must be first endorsed by the province legislative assembly.

READ the actual CONSTITUTION in Nepali Language
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5dv5OmgV7L1emV4SXBTQ28xMk0/view

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See Also
  1. Timeline of the new constitution of Nepal
  2. List of proposed federal structures 
  3. Nepali civil war and peace process
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List of elected Members of Parliaments 1959 -present

December 6, 2015, 9:12 am
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This article is about House of representative, Rastriya sabha, Constituent assembly members.
Click for  Provincial Assemblies 2017.

Election  2017 
CPN UML 121, Nepali Congress 63, CPN-MC 53, RJPN 17, SSFN 16 & 1 each seat for RPP, Naya Shakti, NWPP, RJM, Independent (2018 May: CPN UML & CPNM merged to form CPN)

FPTP Winner list

State 1 - 28 Seats 
  1. ताप्लेजुङ - एमाले - योगेश भट्टराई - 29,479 WON vs कांग्रेस - केशवप्रसाद दाहाल - 16,888
  2. संखुवासभा-एमाले- राजेन्द्र गाैतम-32,739 WON vs कांग्रेस- दीपक खड्का-31,609
  3. सोलुखुम्बु- माओवादी-हेमकुमार रार्इ-20,747 WON vs कांग्रेस-बलबहादुर केसी-17,294
  4. ओखलढुंगा - एमाले - यज्ञराज सुनुवार -32,580 WON vs कांग्रेस - रामहरि खतिवडा - 27,327
  5. खोटाङ- एमाले-बिशाल भट्टरार्इ-36,329 WON vs कांग्रेस-सरस्वती वजिमय-22,432
  6. उदयपुर-१-कांग्रेस -डा. नारायण खड्का-33,142 WON vs एमाले-मञ्जु चाैधरी F-32,594 
  7. उदयपुर-२- माओवादी- हिमाल किराती-22,551 WON vs  कांग्रेस -नारायण बहादुर कार्की-15,455
  8. भोजपुरको -  माओवादी - सुदन किराँती - 34,394 WON vs काँग्रेस - उमेशजंग रायमाझी 21,696
  9. धनकुटा - एमाले- राजेन्द्र राई - 37,333 WON vs राप्रपा-प्र - सुनिलबहादर थापा 26,874
  10. तेह्रथुम-एमाले -भवानी खापुङ-21,335 WON vs  काँग्रेस -सीता गुरूङ F-19,314
  11. पाँचथर-एमाले-बसन्तकुमार नेम्वाङ-38,642 WON vs  काँग्रेस -भीष्म अाङदेम्बे-28,025
  12. इलाम-१- एमाले -झलनाथ खनाल-36,807 WON vs काँग्रेस -भुपेन्द्र कट्टेल-19,627
  13. इलाम-२- एमाले -सुवासचन्द्र नेम्वाङ-33,514 WON vs काँग्रेस-केशव थापा-26,860
  14. झापा-१- माओवादी -सुरेन्द्र कार्की -36,173 WON vs काँग्रेस-विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा-33,310
  15. झापा-२ -एमाले-पवित्रा निरौला FEMALE - 45,817 WON vs कांग्रेस-  उद्धव थापा-32,050
  16. झापा-३-राप्रपा- राजेन्द्र लिङदेन-44,614 WON vs कांग्रेस- कृष्ण सिटाैला-31,171
  17. झापा ४ -एमाले - लालप्रसाद "एलपी"सावाँ लिम्वू ४३५१५ WON vs कांग्रेस -देउकुमार थेवे-26,822
  18. झापा-५- एमाले- केपी शर्मा अोली-57,139 WON vs कांग्रेस- डा. खगेन्द्र अधिकारी-28,297
  19. मोरङ-१ - एमाले -  घनश्याम खतिवडा - 37,524 WON vs कांग्रेस - डिग बहादुर लिम्वु- 31,436
  20. मोरङ-२ -कांग्रेस - मिनेन्द्र रिजाल  (३८८१९) WON vs  एमाले -ऋषिकेश पोखरेल-34,014
  21. मोरङ-३ - एमाले - भानुभक्त ढकाल - 42,413 WON vs कांग्रेस -  डा. सुनील शर्मा 40,507
  22. मोरङ-४- माओवादी -अमनलाल मोदी-33,529 WON vs कांग्रेस- महेश अाचार्य-26,800
  23. माेरङ ५  - माओवादी -शिवकुमार मण्डल-22,995 WON vs कांग्रेस-अमृत अर्याल-19,953
  24. मोरङ-६  - एमाले -  लालबाबु पण्डित -33,941  WON vs कांग्रेस -  शेखर कोइराला 33,266
  25. सुनसरी-१ - एमाले -जयकुमार रार्इ-44,528 WON vs फाेरम-  अशोक रार्इ-22,123
  26. सुनसरी-२ - कांग्रेस -सिताराम मेहता-41,495 WON vs  माओवादी -डम्बर सुवेदी-35,349
  27. सुनसरी-३- कांग्रेस -विजयकुमार गच्छदार-38,972 WON vs एमाले -भगवती चाैधरी-38,651
  28. सुनसरी-४-कांग्रेस- ज्ञानेन्द्रबहादुर कार्की 32,347 WON vs एमाले - राजेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ- 25,750
State 2 - 32 seats
  1. सप्तरी-१ -फाेरम -डा.सुर्य नारायण यादव -२१,७१२ WON vs माओवादी-अशोककुमार मण्डल-18,225 vs कांग्रेस -रामदेव साह-15225
  2. सप्तरी–२- फाेरम - उपेन्द्र यादव -21,620 WON vs माओवादी -उमेश यादव-11,580 
  3. सप्तरी-३- राजपा- चन्द्रकान्त चौधरी 22,584 WON vs कांग्रेस -दिनेशकुमार यादव-19401 vs एमाले-ताराकान्त चाैधरी-6787
  4. सप्तरी-४ - कांग्रेस -तेजुलाल चाैधरी-14886 WON vs राजपा -मृगेन्द्रकुमार सिंह-9,227 vs एमाले -मोहम्मद इस्लाम-4,305
  5. सिरहा-१ - कांग्रेस -प्रदीप गिरी-23,951 WON vs  एमाले -गंगाप्रसाद यादव-21,371 vs फोरम-राजलाल यादव-13,351
  6. सिरहा-२ -माओवादी -सुरेशचन्द्र दास-20,148 WON vs  फाेरम -शत्रुघ्नसिंह कोइरी-17260 vs  कांग्रेस-रामचन्द्र यादव-15,597
  7. सिरहा-३ - एमाले -लिलानाथ श्रेष्ठ-23,272 WON vs  फाेरम -अशेश्वर यादव-21,220 vs  कांग्रेस -अमर रेग्मी-11,778
  8. सिरहा-४ - राजपा - राजकिशोर यादव 21,144 WON  vs माओवादी- अजय शंकर नायक 17,575 vs कांग्रेस -मोख्तार अहमद-10,088
  9. धनुषा-१ -माओवादी -मातृकाप्रसाद यादव-26,416 WON vs फोरम -दीपक कार्की-17,284 vs कांग्रेस-अानन्दप्रसाद ढुंगाना-15678
  10. धनुषा-२ -फोरम- उमाशंकर अरगरिया 32,044 WON vs  माओवादी- रामचन्द्र झा 18,714
  11. धनुषा-३ - राजपा- राजेन्द्र महताे-30,742 WON vs  कांग्रेस -विमलेन्द्र निधी-27,828 vs  माओवादी -रामसिंह यादव-2,203
  12. धनुषा-४ -एमाले -रघुवीर महासेठ-22,532 WON vs कांग्रेस-महेन्द्र यादव-19,991 vs फोरम-महाजन यादव-19,662
  13. महोत्तरी -१ - माओवादी- गिरिराज मणि पोखरेल 23,776 WON vs फोरम -लक्ष्मी महोतो-19,492 vs कांग्रेस- सीताराम भण्डारी-9,475
  14. महोत्तरी-२ -  राजपा -शरदसिंह भण्डारी-30,722 vs  कांग्रेस -किरण यादव-13,974
  15. महोत्तरी-३ -  राजपा -महन्थ ठाकुर-26,845 vs एमाले -विजयकुमार चाैधरी-8,676
  16. महोत्तरी-४ - फोरम -डा. सुरेन्द्र यादव-18,353 vs  कांग्रेस -महेन्द्रकुमार राय-13,025 vs माओवादी- रजी हैजार 9105
  17. सर्लाही-१ -  राजपा -प्रमोद साह-22,036 WON vs एमाले -ध्रुव गाैतम-20,073 vs कांग्रेस -शम्भुलाल श्रेष्ठ-10,525
  18. सर्लाही-२ -राजपा - महेन्द्र राय यादव 29,191 WON vs कांग्रेस - जङिलाल राय -18,976
  19. सर्लाही-३ - माओवादी -रामेश्वर राय यादव-22,367 WON vs कांग्रेस -हरेशप्रसाद महतो-14,929 vs फाेरम -अशोकसिंह कोइरी-9512
  20. सर्लाही-४ -  कांग्रेस-अमरेशकुमार सिंह-29675 WON vsराजपा -राकेश मिश्र 28,136
  21. रौतहट-१ - राजपा - अनिलकुमार झा - 21,085 WON vs कांग्रेस - कृष्ण यादव - 15,484 
  22. राैतहट २: कांग्रेस - माेहम्मद अफताब अालम १८८३३ WON vs फाेरम -किरण साह-16,865
  23. राैतहट-३ -  माओवादी -प्रभू साह-27,799 WON vs  कांग्रेस -जितेन्द्र यादव सुनील-18,193
  24. राैतहट-४ - कांग्रेस -देवप्रसाद तिमल्सिना-28,228 WON vs एमाले -डा. बंशीधर मिश्र-23,003 vs राजपा -कन्तमूनि जैसवाल-3,493
  25. बारा-१ -कांग्रेस -उमाकान्त चाैधरी-24,450 WON vs एमाले -अच्युत मैनाली-22,030 vs राजपा -रामकिशोर यादव-20,144
  26. बारा-२  -फाेरम - रामसहाय प्रसाद यादव (२८,९८५) vs कांग्रेस -राधेचन्द्र यादव-15,790 vs माओवादी -शिवचन्द्र कुशवाहा-10,546
  27. बारा -३  -फाेरम - रामवावु कुमार यादव-२१,३३६ WON vs  एमाले -अाध्यानन्द पाण्डे-16,372-कांग्रेस -फरमुल्लाह मन्सुर-16,086
  28. बारा-४ - राजपा -एकवाल मिया-22,275 WON vs एमाले -देवनारायण चाैधरी-20,607 vs कांग्रेस -लालबाबुसिंह भूमिहार-14516
  29. पर्सा-१  -फाेरम -प्रदिप यादव (२१,१३२) WON vs  कांग्रेस -अनिलकुमार रूंगटा-16,481 vs  एमाले -बिचारी यादव-5,418
  30. पर्सा-२ - फाेरम- विमलप्रसाद श्रीवास्तव-21,169 WON vs कांग्रेस -अजयकुमार चाैरसिया-19704
  31. पर्सा-३ - फाेरम -हरिनारायण राैनियार-15,166 WON vs कांग्रेस -सुरेन्द्रप्रसाद चाैधरी-13,801 vs एमाले- राजकुमार गुप्ता-10986
  32. पर्सा-४ - राजपा -लक्ष्मणलाल कर्ण-20,738 WON vs कांग्रेस -रमेश रिजाल-14,702 vs माओवादी -उर्मिला अर्याल-9,617
State 3 - 33 seats 
  1. काठमाडौं-१ - कांग्रेस - प्रकाशमान सिंह - 10,937 WON vs विवेकशील साझा - रविन्द्र मिश्र - 10,118 vs वाम गठबन्धन- अनिल शर्मा - 5,335
  2. काठमाडौं-२- एमाले -माधवकुमार नेपाल-27,366 WON vs कांग्रेस - दिपक कुइँकेल-14,902 vs विवेकशील-सूर्यराज अाचार्य-7,136
  3. काठमाडौं-३ - एमाले - कृष्ण राई - 19,169  WON vs कांग्रेस - अम्बिका बस्नेत - 14,884 - साझा -सुमित्रा सिंह 2,005
  4. काठमाडौं-४ - कांग्रेस - गगन थापा - 21,551 WON vs एमाले - राजन भट्टराई - 18,140 - साझा- सुबुना बस्नेत 3,040
  5. काठमाडौं-5- एमाले- र्इश्वर पोखरेल-23,029 WON vs कांग्रेस - डा. प्रकाशशरण महत-13,169
  6. काठमाडाैं ६ : कांग्रेस - भिमसेनदास प्रधान-16,785 WON vs माओवादी- झक्कु सुवेदी-15,485
  7. काठमाडौं-७ - एमाले - रामवीर मानान्धर -18,102 WON vs राप्रपा- विक्रम थापा-10,079 vs साझा -अनुपा श्रेष्ठ 5376
  8. काठमाडौं-८ - एमाले - जीवनराज श्रेष्ठ - 13,307 WON vs कांग्रेस - नविन्द्रराज जोशी - 12,953 vs साझा - पुकार बम - 4,414
  9. काठमाडौं-९ - एमाले - कृष्णगोपाल श्रेष्ठ - 22,852  WON vs कांग्रेस - ध्यानगोविन्द रञ्जित 14,802
  10. काठमाडाैं १० -कांग्रेस- राजनकुमार केसी  २४ १९० WON vs  माओवादी -हितमान शाक्य-21,907
  11. ललितपुर-१ - एमाले - नवराज सिलवाल - 36,946 WON vs कांग्रेस - उदयशमसेर राणालाई 30,729
  12. ललितपुर-२ - एमाले - कृष्णलाल महर्जन 27,713 WON vs कांग्रेस - चन्द्र महर्जन 16,945
  13. ललितपुर-३ - माओवादी-पम्फा भुसाल FEMALE-24,034 WON vs  कांग्रेस - मदन अमात्य
  14. भक्तपुर १-  नेमकिपा- प्रेम सुवाल -33,076 WON vs कांग्रेस -बाबुराजा जोशी 17,818 vs  माओवादी -मिलन सुवाल 15,374
  15. भक्तपुर -२- एमाले -महेश बस्नेत-36,424 WON vs कांग्रेस-दमननाथ ढुंगाना-18,687
  16. नुवाकोट-१-  माओवादी -हितबहादुर तामाङ-36,473 WON vs कांग्रेस- डा. रामशरण महत-27,920
  17. नुवाकोट-२-एमाले -नारायणप्रसाद खतिवडा-36,892 WON vs  कांग्रेस -अर्जुननरसिंह केसी - 26,335
  18. रसुवाः कांग्रेस - मोहन आचार्य- १४४५३-WON vs एमाले-जनार्दन ढकाल-10,278
  19. धादिङ-१ - एमाले - भूमि त्रिपाठी 49,121 WON vs कांग्रेस - विश्व अर्याल - 21,968
  20. धादिङ-२-  एमाले -खेम लोहनी-36,256 WON vs कांग्रेस -दिलमान पाख्रिन-35,616
  21. मकवानपुर-१ -  एमाले - कृष्णप्रसाद दाहाल 40,631 vs राप्रपा - कमल थापा Party President - 34,658
  22. मकवानपुर-२-एमाले -विरोध खतिवडा-44,744 WON vs कांग्रेस - महालक्ष्मी डिना उपाध्याय-32,681
  23. चितवन-१-एमाले -सुरेन्द्र पाण्डे-50,896 WON vs कांग्रेस - राजेन्द्र बुर्लाकोटी-36,454
  24. चितवन-२ -एमाले-कृष्णभक्त पोखरेल 44,670 WON vs  कांग्रेस - शेषनाथ अधिकारी 27,314
  25. चितवन-३- माओवादी -पुष्पकमल दाहाल प्रचण्ड-48,269 WON vs  राप्रपा.प्र-विक्रम पाण्डे-38,942
  26. काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक-१-माओवादी -गंगाबहादुर तामाङ-43,631 WON vs  कांग्रेस-तीर्थ लामा-39,605
  27. काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक-२-एमाले -गोकुल बास्कोटा-54,427 WON vs  कांग्रेस-मधु अाचार्य-36,579
  28. सिन्धुपाल्चोकका-१ - माओवादी केन्द्र - अग्नि सापकोटा  40,504 WON vs कांग्रेस - मोहन बस्नेत minister- 29,798
  29. सिन्धुपाल्चोकका-२ - एमाले - शेरबहादुर तामाङ  38,401  WON vs राप्रपा-प्र - पशुपति शम्शेर राणा - 30,369
  30. दोलखा -एमाले- पार्वत गुरूङ-55,954 WON vs कांग्रेस -रूद्र खड्का-24,813
  31. रामेछाप- माओवादी- श्यामकुमार श्रेष्ठ-42,117 WON vs कांग्रेस- कान्छाराम तामाङ-35,771
  32. सिन्धुली-१-एमाले -गणेशकुमार पहाडी-32,529 WON vs कांग्रेस-  प्रेमचन्द्र दाहाल-22,389
  33. सिन्धुली-२ -माओवादी- हरिबोल गजुरेल-30,179 WON vs कांग्रेस-नरेन्द्रजंग थापा-18,127
State 4 - 18 seats
  1. मुस्ताङ - एमाले - प्रेम प्रसाद तुलाचन - 3,544 WON vs कांग्रेस - राेमी गाैचन थकाली - 3,181
  2. मनाङ - एमाले - पोल्देन छोपाङ गुरुङ - 2,300 WON vs कांग्रेस - टेकबहादुर गुरुङ Ex minister- 2,021
  3. गोरखा-१ - माओवादी - हरिराज अधिकारी - 29,860 WON vs कांग्रेस - चिनकाजी श्रेष्ठ 26,643
  4. गोरखा-२: नयाँ शक्ती- बाबुराम भट्टराई - ३१८०७  WON vs माअोवादी- नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ-24,933
  5. लमजुङ-माओवादी-देव गुरूङ-39,468 WON vs कांग्रेस-दिलबहादुर घर्ती-31,034
  6. कास्की-१ - एमाले - खगराज अधिकारी - 32,242 WON vs कांग्रेस -  यज्ञबहादुर थापा - 25,826
  7. कास्की-२-एमाले -रविन्द्र अधिकारी-27,207  WON vs कांग्रेस -देवराज चालिसे-18,661
  8. कास्की-३ - एमाले - जगत विश्वकर्मा - 32,690 WON  vs कांग्रेस -  शुक्रराज शर्मा - 24,164
  9. म्याग्दी - एमाले - भुपेन्द्रबहादुर थापा - 23,308 WON vs कांग्रेस - खम्वीर गर्वुजा - 20,980
  10. बाग्लुङ-१ - एमाले - डा. सूर्य पाठक - 33,657 WON vs कांग्रेस - चम्पादेवी खड्का F 20,616
  11. वाग्लुङ -२ - माअोवादी केन्द्र - देवेन्द्र पाैडेल - 28,827 WON vs कांग्रेस -  निरज पुन - 19,905
  12. पर्वत -एमाले -पदम गिरी-39,275 WON vs कांग्रेस-अर्जुनप्रसाद जोशी-26,801
  13. स्याङ्जा-१-एमाले -नारायण मरासिनी-39,433 WON vs कांग्रेस-राजु थापा 28,731
  14. स्याङ्जा-२ -एमाले -पद्माकुमारी अर्याल FEMALE-35,142- vs कांग्रेस- गोपालमान श्रेष्ठ-31,436
  15. तनहूँ-१-एमाले -कृष्णकुमार श्रेष्ठ किसान-34,480 WON vs कांग्रेस-रामचन्द्र पाैडेल-27,653
  16. तनहूँ -२-एमाले - केदार सिग्देल-32,924 WON vs कांग्रेस-शंकर भण्डारी 29,645
  17. नवलपुर-१ - कांग्रेस - शशांक कोइराला - 36,652 WON vs माओवादी केन्द्र- भविश्वर पराजुली-32,308
  18. नवलपुर-२ - एमाले- तिलक महत-39,053 WON vs विष्णुकुमार कार्की-37,720
State 5 - 26 seats 
  1. पूर्वी रुकुम - माओवादी - कमला रोका FEMALE 10,434 WON vs कांग्रेस - हरिशंकर घर्तीमगर - 10,434
  2. रोल्पा-माओवादी -वर्षमान पुन-20,741 vs कांग्रेस -अमरसिंह पुन-19,906
  3. प्युठान- राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा- दुर्गा पौडेल FEMALE 47,514 WON vs कांग्रेस - गोविन्द पोखरेल - 31,286
  4. गुल्मी-१-एमाले -प्रदीप ज्ञवाली-37,814 WON vs कांग्रेस-चन्द्र भण्डारी-30,256
  5. गुल्मी-२ - एमाले - गोकर्ण विष्ट - 34,618 WON vs कांग्रेस - चन्द्रबहादुर केसी - 20,157
  6. अर्घाखाँची - माओवादी-टोपबहादुर रायमाझी-50,285 WON vs कांग्रेस-रामबहादुर बिसी-31,941
  7. पाल्पा-१- एमाले -दलबहादुर रानामगर-32,549 WON vs कांग्रेस-विजयराज घिमिरे-23,993
  8. पाल्पा-२- एमाले -सोमप्रसाद पाण्डे-34,899 WON vs कांग्रेस-हरिप्रसाद नेपाल-24,554
  9. नवलपरासी पश्चिम-१-स्वतन्त्र/एमाले -हृदयेश त्रिपाठी-38,592 WON vs कांग्रेस-देवकरणप्रसाद कलवार-33,591
  10. नवलपरासी पश्चिम-२-कांग्रेस -देवेन्द्रराज कँडेल-34,130 WON vs माओवादी -घनश्याम यादव-23,898
  11. रूपन्देही-१-एमाले -छविलाल विश्वकर्मा-34,752 WON vs कांग्रेस -अब्दुल रज्जाक गद्दी-26,885 vs फाेरम -विद्या प्रसाद यादव-12,764
  12. रूपन्देही-२-
  13. रुपन्देही ३-एमाले -घनश्याम भुसाल ३२८६६ WON vs  राप्रपा.प्र-दीपक बोहोरा-27,422
  14. रूपन्देही-४- कांग्रेस -प्रमोदकुमार यादव-31,718 WON vs राजपा -शर्वेन्द्रनाथ शुक्ला-20,416 vs एमाले -अोमप्रकाश यादव गुल्जारी -4,079
  15. रूपन्देही-5- कांग्रेस- भरतकुमार साह-33,088 WON vs  माओवादी -डिलाराम अाचार्य-20,438
  16. कपिलवस्तु-१- माओवादी -चक्रपाणि खनाल बलदेव-29,799 WON vs  कांग्रेस -दीपकुमार उपाध्याय-28,853
  17. कपिलवस्तु-२-स्वतन्त्र /एमाले -वृजेशकुमार गुप्ता-35,147 WON vs  कांग्रेस -सुरेन्द्रराज अाचार्य-31,566
  18. कपिलवस्तु-३- कांग्रेस -अभिशेकप्रताप साह 20,001 WON vs फाेरम -मंगलप्रसाद गुप्‍ता-15826 vs स्वतन्त्र /एमाले- ईश्वर दयाल मिश्र-14,339
  19. दाङ-१- एमाले -मेटमणि चाैधरी-31,189 WON vs कांग्रेस -सुशीला चाैधरी-19755
  20. दाङ-२- माओवादी -कृष्णबहादुर महरा-40,042 WON vs कांग्रेस -राजु खनाल-25,897
  21. दाङ-३- एमाले -हिराचन्द्र केसी-40,287 WON vs कांग्रेस -दीपक गिरी-33,730
  22. बाँके-१- माओवादी -महेश्वर गहतराज-31,173 WON vs कांग्रेस -माधवराज खत्री-28,217
  23. बाँके-२ - फाेरम - मोहम्मद ईश्तियाक राई - 21,575 WON vs एमाले -पशुपतिदयाल मिश्र-15,951 vs  राप्रपा-अोमप्रकाश अाजाद-11,622
  24. बाँके-३- एमाले -नन्दलाल रोकाय- 31,601 WON vs  कांग्रेस -बादशाह कुर्मी-26,617
  25. बर्दिया-१-कांग्रेस -सञ्जयकुमार गाैतम-44,829 WON vs एमाले-बामदेव गाैतम-44,076
  26. बर्दिया-२-माओवादी -सन्तबहादुर थारू-50,555 WON vs कांग्रेस-गोपाल दहित-36,735
State 6 - 12 seats 
  1. हुम्ला - स्वतन्त्र  - छक्कबहादुुर लामा - 8491 WON vs कांग्रेस - मंगलबहादुर शाही - 8444 vs माओवादी केन्द्र - चिमी लामा 852
  2. मुगु - एमाले - गोपाल बम - 13,034 WON vs कांग्रेस -  हस्तबहादुर मल्ल - 9,861
  3. डोल्पा - एमाले - धनबहादुर बुढा - 11,761 WON vs कांग्रेस - अंगद बुढा 3,167
  4. पश्चिम रुकुम - माओवादी केन्द्र - जनार्दन शर्मा (minister without portfolio)- 34,402 WON vs कांग्रेस - गोपालजिजंग शाह - 15,659
  5. जुम्ला-१ -माओवादी- गजेन्द्र महत-२२१७३WON vs कांग्रेस - देवेन्द्रबहादुर शाही-१४१४९
  6. जाजरकोट-१-माओवादी- शक्तिबहादुर बस्नेत-३२२८१ WON vs कांग्रेस - राजीवबिक्रम शाह-२३२८९
  7. कालीकोट-१- माओवादी- दुर्गाबहादुर रावत-२१११२ WON vs कांग्रेस - भूपेन्द्रजंग शाही-१६४०७
  8. दैलेख-१-एमाले-रविन्द्रराज शर्मा-२३७६७ WON vs राप्रपा - दीपककुमार शाही-१७२०३
  9. दैलेख-२-एमाले-राजबहादुर बुढा-२३३२३ WON vs कांग्रेस - शिवराज जोशी-१६६३४
  10. सल्यान-१-माओवादी -टेकबहादुर बस्नेत-40,897 WON vs कांग्रेस - राजेन्द्रबहादुर शाह-29,667
  11. सुर्खेत १ -एमाले -ध्रुवकुमार शाही ३६७५९ WON vs कांग्रेस - पूर्णबहादुर खड्का-३३३७७
  12. सुर्खेत २-एमाले -नवराज रावत-३७४४७  WON vs कांग्रेस -हृदयराम थानी-२८६४६
State 7 - 16 seats 
  1. दार्चुला - एमाले - गणेश ठगुन्ना - 28,998 WON vs कांग्रेस - विक्रम सिंह - 22,233
  2. बझाङ - एमाले -भैरवबहादुर सिंह - 34,612 WON vs कांग्रेस - पृथ्वीबहादुर सिंह 26,910
  3. बाजुरा -  एमाले -लालबहादुर थापा - 28,065 WON vs कांग्रेस - कविराज पण्डित 23,181
  4. अछाम-१-एमाले -भीमबहादुर रावल-24,883 -WON vs कांग्रेस -  भरतकुमार स्वाँर-17,719
  5. अछाम-२-एमाले-  यज्ञ वोगटी-21,965 -WON vs कांग्रेस -   पुष्पबहादुर शाह 19,106
  6. डोटी-एमाले- प्रेम अाले-32,510 -WON vs कांग्रेस -  वीरबहादुर बलायर-30,878 
  7. बैतडी- एमाले -दामोदर भण्डारी -३९,५२४ -WON vs कांग्रेस -  नरबहादुर चन्द -28,291
  8. डडेलधुरा -  कांग्रेस - शेरबहादुर देउवा PM- 28,044  WON vs माओवादी - लेखराज भट्ट 21,115
  9. कैलाली-१-राजपा-रेशमलाल चौधरी -34,341 WON vs एमाले- मदनकुमारी शाह-13,406
  10. कैलाली-२- एमाले -झपट रावल-25,157 VS  कांग्रेस -मोहनसिंह राठाैर-23,313
  11. कैलाली-३-माओवादी- गाैरीशंकर चाैधरी-24,873 WON vs कांग्रेस-रामजनम चाैधरी-20,494
  12. कैलाली-४-माओवादी-लेखराज भट्ट-31,359 WON vs कांग्रेस-सुनिलकुमार भण्डारी-20,960
  13. कैलाली-५ - एमाले - नारदमुनी राना थारू-27,202 WON vs कांग्रेस-अारजु राणा देउवा FEMALE-22,322 vs राजपा -लक्ष्मण चौधरी 1,650
  14. कञ्चनपुर-१ - माओवादी- बीना मगर 39,021 WON vs कांग्रेस - दिवानसिँह विष्ट - 19,437
  15. कञ्चनपुर-२-एमाले -नरबहादुर धामी-33,320 WON vs कांग्रेस - एनपी साउद-24,893
  16. कञ्चनपुर-३-एमाले -दिपकप्रकाश भट्ट-26,364 WON vs कांग्रेस - रमेश लेखक-26,106
Nepali Congress Nominations for 41 proportional seats (2018 Feb 12) (link)

(खस/आर्य : पुरुष) बालकृष्ण खाँड , दिलेन्द्रप्रसाद बडू, किशोरसिंह राठौर, सत्यनारायण खनाल ,सूर्यबहादुर केसी,मोहन पाण्डे
(खस/आर्य : महिला) सुजाता कोइराला, पुष्पा भुसाल, डिला संग्रौला, मीना पाण्डे, उमा रेग्मी, दीपशिखा शर्मा
(आदिवासी/जनजाति :पुरुष) बहादुरसिंह लामा ,कर्मा घले, उमेश श्रेष्ठ, लालकाजी गुरुङ, जिपछिरिङ लामा, दिव्यमणि राजभण्डारी
(आदिवासी/जनजाति : महिला) ज्ञानकुमारी छन्त्याल ,प्रमिला राई, महेन्द्रकुमारी लिम्बू, हीरा गुरुङ, मीना सुब्बा
(दलित :पुरुष) मानबहादुर विश्वकर्मा, मीन विश्वकर्मा, प्रकाश रसाइली
(दलित : महिला) सुजाता परियार, लक्ष्मी परियार, विमला नेपाली
(मधेसी :पुरुष) विनोद चौधरी, स्मृतिनारायण चौधरी, नगेन्द्रकुमार राय
(मधेसी :महिला) सीतादेवी यादव , चित्रलेखा यादव, मीनाक्षी झा
(थारू :पुरुष) पद्मनारायण चौधरी
(थारु :महिला) पार्वता डिसी चौधरी, नमिताकुमारी चोधरी
(मुस्लिम:पुरुष) अतहर कमल मुसलमान
(मुस्लिम : महिला) सर्वत आरा खान

Sanghiya Samajbadi Forum (SSF) nominations for 6 proportional seats (link)
राजेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ, सरिता गिरी, रेणु यादव, कलुदेवी विक, रेणुका गुरुङ, रुही नाज

Rastriya Janata Party (RJP) nominations for 6 proportional seats (link)
चन्दा चौधरी (मधेशी महिला)
दुलारी देवी खंग (दलित महिला)
अमृता अग्रहरी (आदिवासी जानजाति महिला)
रानी मण्डल (आदिवासी जनजाति महिला)
निर्जला राउत (खस आर्य महिला)
नरमाया ढकाल (खस आर्य महिला)

Proportional result:- Only top 5 parties crossed 3% threshold, thus qualified for seat.
Total votes: 1,05,87,521  - Total Valid votes: 95,44,744 - Threshold 3%: 2,86,343
  1. CPN UML - 31,73,494 - 33.25%= 41 Seats 33
  2. NC- 31,28,389 -  32.78%= 40 Seats
  3. CPN MC -13,03,721 - 13.66% = 17 Seats
  4. RJPN -4,72,254 - 4.95% = 6 Seats
  5. SSFN -4,70,201 - 4.93% = 6 Seats
  6. विवेकशील साझा पार्टी - तराजु - 2,12,366 - 2.22%
  7. राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी - गाई - 1,96,782 - 2.06%
  8. राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (प्रजातान्त्रिक)गोलाकारभित्र हलो - 88,377 - 0.93%
  9. नयाँ शक्ति पार्टी, नेपाल देब्रे आँखा - 81,837 - 0.86%
  10. राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चागिलास62,133 - 0.65%
  11. नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टीमादल56,141 - 0.59%
  12. नेकपा (माले) -हँसिया तारा41,270 = 0.43%
  13. नेपाल संघीय समाजवादी पार्टीबस36015
  14. राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टीघर33091
  15. एकीकृत राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी(राष्ट्रवादी)आयाताकारभित्रको हलो28835
  16. नेपाली जनता दलगोरु गाडाको चक्का (पाङ्ग्रो)22049
  17. संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्चदाप सहितको खुकुरी21610
  18. बहुजन शक्ति पार्टीजग15468
  19. मंगोल नेशनल अर्गनाइजेसनकुखुराको भाले15117
  20. संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च(थरुहट)गाग्री14489
  21. देशभक्त जनगणतान्त्रिक मोर्चा, नेपालमुठ्ठी13942
  22. नेपाल जनता पार्टीकमलको फूल9310
  23. जनशक्ति नेपालगोलाकारभित्र छाता7981
  24. आमूल परिवर्तन मसिहा पार्टी नेपालहृदय5161
  25. राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति आन्दोलन नेपालषटकोण4275
  26. नेपाः राष्ट्रिय पार्टीखड्ग3460
  27. नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक जनता काँगे्रसदुई आँखा2389
  28. चुरेभावर लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टीभकुण्डो2170
  29. ग्रीन पार्टी नेपालऊँट1685
  30. नेपाल समावेशी पार्टीसुगा1676
  31. नेपाल युवा किसान पार्टीकेराको काईंयो1608
  32. नेपाली कांगे्रस (बी.पी.)करुवा1547
  33. तामाङसालिङ लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी बज्र1456
  34. नेपालवादतारापूञ्ज1420
  35. नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माक्र्सवादी)कोदालो1397
  36. नेपाल सुकुम्बासी पार्टी (लोकतान्त्रिक)डोको1334
  37. राष्ट्रिय समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपालपृथ्वी1053
  38. राष्ट्रिय यथार्थवादी पार्टी, नेपालडाँफे1052
  39. नेपाल दर्शनभुईंकटहर977
  40. नेपाल नौलो जनवादी पार्टीचुच्चोले चिठ्ठी बोकेर उड्न लागेको परेवा976
  41. एकल चिन्ह सिपाही लिएकासिपाही946
  42. युवा नेपाल पार्टीमोटर साईकल872
  43. नेपाल दलित पार्टीइनार834
  44. जनप्रजातान्त्रिक पार्टी, नेपाल -गैंडा744
  45. देशभक्त लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी -ऐना740
  46. संघीय खम्बुवान लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी नेपाल - हवाईजहाज721
  47. लिवरल डेमोक्रेटीक पार्टी - दमाहा519
  48. देशभक्त समाज - जरायो434
  49. हाम्रो पार्टी - धारा426

1959 (2015 BS) Election (Total: 109)

Date:- Feb 18 to April 3, 1959
Total electorate :- 42,48,836 Turnout:- 43%
Parties recognized by election commission (reqd- min 20 candidates):- 11
Parties took part in the election:- 9
Total candidates:- 865 Independent candidates:- 268 or 339

Nepali Congress, 37.2%, 74 seats (2/3 majority)
Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad, 17.1%, 19 seats (Rana revivalist group)
Samyukta Prajatantra Party, 9.9%, 5 seats
Nepal Communist Party, 7.2%, 4 seats
Nepal Prajaparishad (Acharya), 3%, 2 seats (Tanka Prasad Acharya)
Nepal Prajapasishad (Mishra), 3.3%, 1 seat (Bhadrakali Mishra)
Prajatnatrik Mahasabha, 3.3%, 0 seat (Ranga Nath Sharma)
Nepal Terai Congress, 2.1%, 0 seat (Bedananda Jha)
Rastriya Congress, 0.7%, 0 seat (Dilli Raman Regmi)
Independents, 16.3%, 4 seats

1959 elected members list
* BP Koirala (NC) - Became the first Elected PM of Nepal
* Birgunj - Subarna Samshare (NC)
* Kathmandu: Ganesh Man Singh (NC)
* Baitadi : Durga Datta Joshi (दुर्गा दत्त जोशी) (NC)
* Dadeldhura 66: Dwarikadevi Thakurani (द्वारिकादेवी ठकुरानी) (NC) (Only elected women in this parliament, later the first women minister of Nepal)
* Bhojpur: Diwan Singh Rai (NC) (father of 2018 Presidential candidate Kumari Laxmi Rai,NC)
* Gulmi: Giri Prasad Burathoki (later nominated to National Panchayat)

Major Losing candidates
* Krishna Prasad Bhattarai: leader NC (later became Speaker of the house even after defeated)
* Tanka pd Acharya: former PM and president of Nepal Prajaparishad
* Dr K.I. Singh: former PM
* Ranga Nath Sharma: president of Prajatantrik Mahasabha
* Dilli Raman Regmi: president of Rastriya Congress
* Keshar Jung Rayamajhi: general secretory of CPN
* Chandra Bhusan Pandey (Prajaparishad, minister of election government)
* Ranadhir Subba (Gorkha Parishad, minister of election government )
* Jagdish Shamsher JBR (achham)
* Hem Bahadur Malla (later minister in Panchayat)


During 30 years of panchayati rule (1960-1990) three general election were held, in 1971, 1981 and 1986. But since all political parties were banned in Panchayati System, candidates had contested in individual capacity.

Panchayati Election of 1971
Election day:
House: 125 (elected: 90 zonal assembly+15 class org +4 graduates & Nominated by the King:16)
Ram Raja Prasad Singh elected from Graduate quota


Panchayati Election of 1981
Election day: May 9, 1981
House: 140 (112 Elected +28 nominated by the King) [37 districts 2 seats each+ 38 d 1 seat each]
Elected: PM Surya Bahadur Thapa (Dhankuta), Hem Bahadur Malla, Nani Mainya Dahal, Bhadra Kumari Ghale
NC fraction: Dr. K.I. Singh, Tej Bahadur Bham, Bakhan Singh Gurung, Kashi Nath Gautam, Bhagwat Yadav
Pro left wing: Govinda Nath Upreti (Kavre), Rup Chandra Bista (Makwanpur), Karna Bahadur Hyuju (Bhaktapur). 
Pro democracy: Shribhadra Sharma, Arjun Narsingh K.C., Prakash Chandra Lohani.
Lost: Matrika Prasad Koirala (Morang)


Panchayati Election of 1986 (all political parties were banned)
Election day: 1986 May 12
House: 140 (112 elected +28 nominated by the King)
Candidates: 1,548 as independents
Registered voters: 9,044,964
Total votes casted: 5,455,672 (turnout: 60.3%)
After election, First meeting of Rastriya Panchayat: June 9
New PM elected | Marichman Singh Shrestha : June 15

Members of various Rastriya Panchayat
Dr. Tulsi Giri (PM)
Surya Bahadur Thapa (PM)
Kirti Nidhi Bista (PM)
Nagendra Prasad Rijal (PM)
Lokendra Bahadur Chand (PM)
Marich Man Singh Shrestha (PM)
Nawaraj Subedi (from Ramechhap)
Giri Prasad Budhathoki
Ram Raja Prasad Singh (elected in 1971)(first presidential candidate of Nepal, 2008)
Dr. Prakash Chandra Lohani

Kamal Thapa (elected in 1986) (later President of RPP, RPP-Nepal & VicePM of Nepal)
Padam Thakurathi  (Founding President of Rastrabadi Bidhyarthi Mandal, now journalist)
Hem Bahadur Malla
Dirgha Raj Prasai
Bhim Prasad Gauchan
Dharma Prasad Upadhyaya
Dambar Bam
Bhim Bahadur Shrestha (elected in 1981 &1987, later Joined Nepali congress)

Tags: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एमाले) नेकपा (माले) पंचायत

1991 (2048 BS) Election (Total: 205)

Nepali Congress, 37.75% votes, 110 seats (majority)
CPN UML, 27.98% votes, 69 seats
Sanyunkta Janamorcha, 4.83% votes, 9 seats
Nepal Sadbhavana Party, 4.10% votes, 6 seats
RPP (Chand), 6.56% votes, 3 seats
RPP (Thapa), 5.38% votes, 1 seat

Elected Speaker of the house (1991-1994): Daman Nath Dhungana

1991 Elected members and runner ups

Kathmandu: Madan Bhandari (UML), Krishna Pd Bhattarai (NC, Lost)
Bhaktapur 1: Narayan Man Bijukchhe (NWPP)(won all:1991,1994,1999,CA2008,CA2013)

Tanahun 1: Ram Chandra Paudel

Sunsari 1: Bhekhbahadur Dangol (NC)
Sunsari 4: Khalil Miyan (NC) (won) - Upendra Yadav (CPN-UML)
Sunsari 5: Girija Prasad Koirala (NC)

Morang 1: Girija Prasad Koirala (NC)

Jhapa 1: Drona Prasad Acharya (UML), Krishna Pd Sitaula (NC, Lost)
Jhapa 2: Devi Pd Ojha (UML), CK Prasain (NC, Lost)
Jhapa 3: Radha Krishna Mainali (UML), Chakra Pd Bastola (NC, Lost)
Jhapa 4: Narayan Rajbanshi (UML), Surya Prasad Ganesh (NC, Lost)
Jhapa 5: Chandra Prakash Mainali (UML), Khanga Raj Keshari Prasain (NC)
Jhapa 6: KP Oli (UML), Purnanand Prasad Dahal (NC, Lost)


Ilam 1: Jhala Nath Khanal (UML), Toyanath Bhattarai (NC, lost)
Ilam 2: Mani Kumar Limbu (UML), Kul Bahadur Gurung (NC, lost)
Ilam 3: n/a

Panchthar 1: Basanta Kumar Nemwang (UML), Dipak Prakash Baskota (NC, Lost)
Panchthar 2: Damber Sing Sambahamphe (UML), Padam Sundar Lawati (RPP Chand, Lost)

Taplejung 1: Kul Prasad Uprety (UML), Mani Lama (NC, lost)
Taplejung 2: Ambika Sawa (UML), Bishnu Maden (RPP Chand, lost)

1994 (2051 BS) Election (Total: 205)

CPN UML, 30.85%, 88 seats
Nepali Congress, 33.38%, 83 seats
RPP, 17.93%, 20 seats
Nepal Sadbhavana, 3.49%, 3 seats

Elected speaker of the house (1994-1999): Ram Chandra Paudel (NC)

1994 & 1999 winners list is given below.

1999 (2056 BS) Election (Total: 205)

Nepali Congress, 37.29%, 111 seats (majority)
CPN (UML), 31.66%, 71 seats
RPP (Thapa), 10.44%, 11 seats
Nepal Sadbhavana Party (NSP) 3.22%, 5 seats
Rastriya Jana Morcha (RJM) 1.41%, 5 seats

Nepal Majdoor Kissan Party (NMKP)
Samyukta Janamorcha (SJM)

Elected Speaker of the house (1999-2002): Taranath Ranabhat (NC)

YearTaplejung 1
1999Til Kumar Menyangbo Limbu (UML) 13636 -- Surya Man Gurung (NC) 13472
1994Mani Lama (NC) 10742 -- Kaji Man Samsohang (UML) 9822
YearTaplejung 2
1999Om Prasad Ojha (UML) 10402 -- Bishnu Maden (RPP) 8430
1994Ambika Sawa (UML) 8134 -- Bishnu Maden (RPP) 7975
YearPanchthar 1
1999Basant Kumar Nemwang (UML) 17680 -- Dipak Prakash Baskota (NC) 15191
1994Deepak Prakash Baskota (NC) 13949 -- Basanta Kumar Nemwang (UML) 12989
YearPanchthar 2
1999Damber Sing Sambahamphe (UML) 15049 -- Vishma Raj Aangdembe (NC) 13259
1994Padam Sundar Lawati (RPP) 13768 -- Damber Sing Sambahamphe (UML) 12042
YearIlam 1
1999Benup Raj Prasai (NC) 18608 -- Jhal Nath Khanal (UML) 18502
1994Jhalanath Khanal (UML) 14383 -- Toyanath Bhattarai (NC) 14173
YearIlam 2
1999Subash Nemwang (UML) 17407 -- Kul Bahadur Gurung (NC) 15482
1994Kul Bahadur Gurung (NC) 12547 -- Mani Kumar Limbu (UML) 11960
YearIlam 3
1999Keshab Thapa (NC) 18339 -- Agam Prasad Bantawa (UML) 17707
1994Padam Bhandari (UML) 13663 -- Benup Raj Prasain (NC) 13398
YearJhapa 1
1999Krishna Prasad Sitaula (NC) 17561 -- Narayan Rajbanshi (UML) 15300
1994Pushpa Raj Pokharel (UML) 15652 -- Krishna Prasad Sitaula (NC) 14511
YearJhapa 2
1999K.P. Sharma Oli (UML) 18909 -- Giriraj Kumari Prasai (NC) 18892
1994Chandra Prakash Mainali (UML) 18863 -- Khanuparude Rambabu (NC) 12456
YearJhapa 3
1999Narendra Bikram Nemwang (NC) 21030 -- Bishnu Prasad Prasai (UML) 17657
1994Devi Prasad Ojha (UML) 16674 -- Gopal Kumar Basnet (NC) 13614
YearJhapa 4
1999Chakra Prasad Bastola (NC) 15671 -- Yukta Prasad Vetwal (UML) 15645
1994Chakra Prasad Bastola (NC) 13912 -- Narayan Rajbanshi (UML) 13668
YearJhapa 5
1999Tara Sam Yongya (UML) 19199 -- Santosh Kumar Meinyngbo (NC) 16651
1994Radha Krishna Mainali (UML) 16361 -- Surya Narayan Tajpuriya (NC) 13898
YearJhapa 6
1999Gopal Prasad Koirala (NC) 28066 -- Devendra Dahal (UML) 21958
1994K.P. Sharma (Oli) (UML) 18861 -- Keshav Kumar Budhathoki (NC) 14202
YearSankhuwasabha 1
1999Tanka Prasad Rai (NC) 11685 -- Ded Raj Khadka (UML) 10983
1994Ded Raj Khadka (UML) 12354 -- Shiva Kumar Goli (NC) 8339
YearSankhuwasabha 2
1999Parshu Ram Meghi Gurung (UML) 16538 -- Gopal Raj Pahadi (NC) 13494
1994Hari Bairagi Dahal (UML) 12738 -- Piyush Sharma (NC) 11803
YearTehrathum 1
1999Vijaya Subba (UML) 16628 -- Ganesh Prasad Bimali (NC) 12022
1994Surendra Kumar Phombo (UML) 16657 -- Tulasi Subba (RPP) 12867
YearBhojpur 1
1999Ghanendra Basnet (UML) 15443 -- Gyanendra B. Karki (NC) 14605
1994Hem Raj Rai (UML) 15974 -- Gyanendra B. Karki (NC) 15948
YearBhojpur 2
1999Sher Dhan Rai (UML) 18447 -- Mrs Luxmi Rai (NC) 14925
1994Dhan Harka rai (UML) 17594 -- Kumar Rai (NC) 15706
YearDhankuta 1
1999Durga Linkha (UML) 15512 -- Hari Kumar Rai (NC) 11207
1994Rakam Chemjong (UML) 12574 -- Mohan Prasad Pokhrel (RPP) 9737
YearDhankuta 2
1999Surya Bahadur Thapa (RPP) 12145 -- Gopal Guragai (UML) 11119
1994Surya Bahadur Thapa (RPP) 13220 -- Gopal Guragain (UML) 10352
YearMorang 1
1999Amod Prasad Upadhyaya (NC) 26501 -- Ram Kumar Rai (UML) 12601
1994Girija Prasad Koirala (NC) 21013 -- Tuluram Rajbanshi (UML) 12987
YearMorang 2
1999Bharat Mohan Adhikari (UML) 22428 -- Basant Bhattarai (NC) 15364
1994Bharat Mohan Adhikari (UML) 16758 -- Basant Bhattarai (NC) 9174
YearMorang 3
1999Lal Babu Pandit (UML) 16288 -- Gopal Man Singh (NC) 15589
1994Badri N. Basnet (NC) 19821 -- Lal Babu Pandit (UML) 14987
YearMorang 4
1999Harka Man Tamang (UML) 22944 -- Dilip Sapkota (NC) 19330
1994Harka Man Tamang (UML) 17674 -- Dilip Sapkota (NC) 12393
YearMorang 5
1999Mahesh Acharya (NC) 19119 -- Subodh Raj Pyakurel (UML) 15450
1994Kamal Prasad Koirala (UML) 14106 -- Shyam Lal Tabdar (NC) 10357
YearMorang 6
1999Hari Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 22856 -- Guru Prasad Baral (UML) 18612
1994Guru Prasad Baral (UML) 15460 -- Satya Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 13858
YearMorang 7
1999Badri Prasad Mandal (NSP) 15634 -- Miss. Sailaja Acharya (NC) 12125
1994Miss. Sailaja Acharya (NC) 13496 -- Umesh Prasad Giri (NC) (Biseshwor) Party 7214
YearSunsari 1
1999Kunta Sharma (UML) 14843 -- Chandra Prasad Shrestha (NC) 13032
1994Lila Shrestha (Subba) (UML) 12774 -- Binod Kumar Rai (NC) 7705
YearSunsari 2
1999Vijaya Kumar Gachhadar (NC) 27527 -- Rewoti Raman Bhandari (UML) 23339
1994Bijay Kumar Gachhadar (NC) 21963 -- Kuldip Peskar (UML) 10708
YearSunsari 3
1999Luxman Prasad Mehata (NC) 19654 -- Narendra Kumar Chaudhary (RPP) 17668
1994Luxman Prasad Mehata (NC) 16341 -- Dharma Raj Niraula (UML) 12081
YearSunsari 4
1999Hari Prasad Sapkota (NC) 20914 -- Bhim Prasad Acharya (UML) 19631
1994Hari Nath Bastola (NC) 16922 -- Bhim Prasad Acharya (UML) 13714 
YearSunsari 5
1999Girija Prasad Koirala (NC) 19990 -- Mo. Mahaphuj Ansari (UML) 12894
1994Girija Prasad Koirala (NC) 19047 -- Jagadish Prasad Kusiyat (UML) 10074
YearKhotang 1
1999Sarba Dhan Rai (NC) 17216 -- Karna Bahadur Ghale (UML) 12814
1994Tank Rai (UML) 14737 -- Bal Bahadur Rai Rundali (NC) 14260
YearKhotang 2
1999Shiva Kumar Basnet (NC) 17422 -- Bishal Bhattarai (UML) 10513
1994Ashok Kumar Rai (UML) 17913 -- Shiv Kumar Basnet (NC) 15296
YearOkhaldhunga 1
1999Hom Nath Dahal (NC) 16111 -- Chhabi Lal Karki (UML) 10282
1994Chandra Kant Dahal (NC) 8691 -- Prem Narayan Premi (UML) 7587
YearOkhaldhunga 2
1999Gopal Rai (NC) 17521 -- Kishor Kumar Adhikari (UML) 9788
1994Bal Bahadur Rai (NC) 10251 -- Kishor Kumar Adhikari (UML) 9389
YearUdaypur 1
1999Suresh Kumar Karki (UML) 17686 -- Dr. Narayan Khadka (NC) 16847
1994Laxmi Narayan Chaudhary (UML) 19290 -- Ashok Chandra Rai (NC) 12625
YearUdaypur 2
1999Jagannath Khatiwoda (UML) 18258 -- Heramb Bahadur Thapa (NC) 15833
1994Bishnu Bahadur Rawot (UML) 14261 -- Heramba Bahadur Thapa (NC) 12784
YearSaptari 1
1999Jaya Prakash Prasad Gupta (NC) 15083 -- Hira Lal Prasad Chaudhary (UML) 13853
1994Jaya Prakash Prasad Gupta (NC) 18006 -- Hira Lal Chaudhary (UML) 13885
YearSaptari 2
1999Ram Kumar Chaudhary (NC) 12970 -- Gajendra Narayan Singh Rajput (NSP) 12953
1994Gajendra Narayan Singh (NSP) 10424 -- Madhu Kant Singh (NC) 9308
YearSaptari 3
1999Mrs. Renu Kumari Yadav (RPP) 17231 -- Suman Raj Pyakurel (UML) 10910
1994Anish Ansari (NSP) 12746 -- Surya Narayan Mandal Independent 8921
YearSaptari 4
1999Jagadish Prasad Saha (UML) 14191 -- Chhedi Lal Chaudhary Tharu (NC) 12089
1994Dana Lal Chaudhary (UML) 14086 -- Kuber Prasad Sharma (NC) 10883
YearSaptari 5
1999Mrigendra Kumar Singh Yadav (NSP) 13600 -- Surendra Prasad Yadav (NC) 12534
1994Ganga Prasad Chaudhary (UML) 12196 -- Mrigendra Kumar Singh Yadav (NSP) 11296
YearSiraha 1
1999Ram Chandra Yadav (UML) 14810 -- Padam Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 13855
1994Padam Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 15525 -- Rajendra Prasad Chaudhary Tharu (UML) 14307
YearSiraha 2
1999Mrs. Chitra Lekha Yadav (NC) 21029 -- Hira Bahadur Sunuwar (UML) 14094
1994Narendra Raj Pokhrel (UML) 12653 -- Chitra Lekha Yadav (NC) 10207
YearSiraha 3
1999Krishna Charan Shrestha (RPP) 14396 -- Surendra Kumar Das (Yadav) (NC) 12751
1994Surendra Chandra Das (NC) 14357 -- Krishna Charan Shrestha (RPP) 9352
YearSiraha 4
1999Hem Narayan Yadav (UML) 19235 -- Chandra Narayan Yadav (NC) 16866
1994Raj Dev Goit (NC) 11829 -- Biseshwor Prasad Marwaita Yadav (RPP) 11472
YearSiraha 5
1999Dharma Nath Prasad Sah (UML) 20054 -- Pradip Giri (NC) 19949
1994Pradip Giri (NC) 17072 -- Dharma Nath Prasad Sah Independent 9061
YearDolakha 1
1999Pashupati Chaulagain (UML) 20243 -- Bhim Bahadur Tamang (NC) 15093
1994Bhim Bahadur Tamang (NC) 16673 -- Ananda Prasad Pokharel (UML) 15790
YearDolakha 2
1999Anand Prasad Pokhrel (UML) 15845 -- Tara Bahadur Koirala (NC) 11752
1994Wanchhe Sherpa (UML) 14582 -- Madhav Mani Rajbhandari (NC) 10220
YearRamechap 1
1999Kamal Prakash Sunuwar (UML) 16582 -- Luxman Prasad Ghimire (NC) 15278
1994Dev Shankar Poudel (UML) 10968 -- Laxman Prasad Ghimire (NC) 10957
YearRamechap 2
1999Ram Hari Dhungel (NC) 12235 -- Amik Sherchan Sanyunkta Janamorcha Nepal 11407
1994Padam Shankar Adhikari (NC) 8241 -- Kamal Prasad Chaulagain (SJM) 7215
YearSindhuli 1
1999Ganga Prasad Nepal (UML) 15158 -- Komal Bahadur Karki (NC) 12695
1994Bipin Koirala (NC) 12688 -- Shanti man Karki (UML) 11838
YearSindhuli 2
1999Shanker Nath Sharma Adhikari (UML) 14142 -- Ujwal Baral (NC) 13103
1994Hom Raj Dahal (NC) 10471 -- Goma Devkota Karki (UML) 9027
YearSindhuli 3
1999Lila Mani Pokhrel Sanyunkta Janamorcha Nepal 9670 -- Bipin Koirala (NC) 6960
1994Dhruba Prasad Sharma (NC) 9413 -- Tika jung Thapa (RPP) 5138
YearDhanusha 1
1999Smriti Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 20095 -- Ram Chandra Jha (UML) 18352
1994Ram Chandra Jha (UML) 20749 -- Shiv Dhari Yadav (NC) 14317
YearDhanusha 2
1999Yog Narayan Yadav (UML) 16736 -- Lila Koirala (NC) 15843
1994Lila Koirala (NC) 17147 -- Yog Narayan Yadav (UML) 14056
YearDhanusha 3
1999Anand Prasad Dhungana (NC) 15026 -- Hem Bahadur Malla (RPP) (Chand) 13736
1994Ananda Prasad Dhungana (NC) 17429 -- Bhola Prasad Sah (UML) 15133
YearDhanusha 4
1999Krishna Pratap Malla (RPP) 24293 -- Bimalendra Nidhi (NC) 19053
1994Bimalendra Nidhi (NC) 21340 -- Krishna Prasad Malla (RPP) 16563
YearDhanusha 5
1999Dr. Ram Baran Yadav (NC) 23112 -- Shrikrishna Yadav (UML) 18041
1994Ramlakhan Mahato (UML) 16590 -- Dr. Rambaran Yadav (NC) 15826
YearMahottari 1
1999Mahendra Yadav (NC) 18408 -- Raj Kishor Sah (UML) 16879
1994Mahendra Yadav (NC) 15468 -- Sita Nandan Ray (UML) 12247
YearMahottari 2
1999Ram Chandra Tiwari (NC) 17705 -- Ram Dayal Mandal (UML) 15397
1994Mahendra Ray Rastrya Prajatantra Party 19181 -- Hari Shankar Mishra (NC) 12830
YearMahottari 3
1999Sarad Singh Bhandari (NC) 20486 -- Ram Bilash Yadav (RPP) 12154
1994Ram Bilash Yadav Rastrya Prajatantra Party 22693 -- Maheshwor Prasad Singh (NC) 11414
YearMahottari 4
1999Mahendra Kumar Roy (NC) 19647 -- Bhoj Raj Ghimire (RPP) 11177
1994Sharad Singh Bhandari Independent 11395 -- Basant Kumar Gurung (NC) 10585
YearSarlahi 1
1999Mahendra Prasad Yadav (UML) 23444 -- Ramasis Sah Teli (NC) 19126
1994Mahendra Roy Yadav (UML) 23758 -- Bramha Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 13533
YearSarlahi 2
1999Rajendra Mahato Nepal Sadabhawana Party 14750 -- Surya Bahadur Thapa (RPP) 13369
1994Meena Pandey (NC) 10795 -- Rajendra Mahato Nepal Sadabhawana Party 10173
YearSarlahi 3
1999Ram Chandra Ray (RPP) 14321 -- Ram Hari Joshi (NC) 11967
1994Ram Hari Joshi (NC) 11286 -- Ram Biswash Ray Nepal Sadabhawana Party 8727
YearSarlahi 4
1999Nagendra Kumar Ray (NC) 14587 -- Rameshwor Ray Nepal Sadabhawana Party 10322
1994Khobhari Ray (RPP) 13761 -- Nagendra Kumar Ray (NC) 12361
YearSarlahi 5
1999Mahantha Thakur (NC) 11765 -- Ram Narayan Singh (RPP) 10860
1994Mahantha Tahakur (NC) 13615 -- Nanda Lal Ray Yadav (SJM) 9380
YearRasuwa 1
1999Dil Bahadur Lama (NC) 6424 -- Subba Lama (UML) 6357
1994Ramkrishna Upadhyay Acharya (RPP) 9175 -- Balchandra Poudel (NC) 7232
YearDhading 1
1999Buddhi Man Tamang (RPP) 19055 -- Dil Man Pakhrin (NC) 17702
1994Buddhi Man Tamang (RPP) 18436 -- Daman Pakhrin (NC) 10824
YearDhading 2
1999Ram Nath Adhikari (NC) 26053 -- Ganga Lal Tuladhar (UML) 25489
1994Ganga Lal Tuladhar (UML) 19380 -- Hari Adhikari (NC) 15684
YearDhading 3
1999Rajendra Prasad Pandey (UML) 20473 -- Bharat Prasad Uprety (NC) 13263
1994Rajendra Prasad Pandey (UML) 15562 -- Thakur Prasad Sharma (RPP) 9318
YearNuwakot 1
1999Rajendra Prakash Lohani (UML) 11786 -- Dr. Prakash Chandra Lohani (RPP) 11771
1994Prakash Chandra Lohani (RPP) 13100 -- Khem Raj Sedhai (NC) 10714
YearNuwakot 2
1999Dr. Ram Saran Mahat (NC) 18889 -- Dr. Prakash Chandra Lohani (RPP) 8954
1994Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat (NC) 14799 -- Nar Bahadur Rai (RPP) 9395
YearNuwakot 3
1999Mahendra Bahadur Pandey (UML) 13177 -- Arjun Nar Singh K.C. (NC) 12808
1994Arjun Narsingh K. C. (NC) 15951 -- Prakash Chandra Lohani (RPP) 10387
YearKathmandu 1
1999Pradip Nepal (UML) 17601 -- Lokesh Dhakal Independent 15219
1994Man Mohan Adhikari (UML) 25672 -- Hari Bol Bhattarai (NC) 13684
YearKathmandu 2
1999Bidhaya Devi Bhandari (UML) 12552 -- Ambika Basnet (NC) 11387
1994Bidhya Devi Bhandari (UML) 21763 -- Daman Nath Dhungana (NC) 13064
YearKathmandu 3
1999Ishwor Pokhrel (UML) 15965 -- Chiranjibi Tiwari (NC) 14552
1994(UML) -- (NC)
YearKathmandu 4
1999Prem Lal Singh (NC) 12554 -- Dr. Bharat Kumar Pradhan (UML) 7296
1994Padma Ratna Tuladhar (UML) 17926 -- Krishna Amatya (NC) 9337
YearKathmandu 5
1999Mangal Siddhi Manandhar (UML) 14303 -- Rajendra Prasad Shrestha (CPN-ML) 8565
1994Rajendra Prasad Shrestha (UML) 19312 -- Shyam Lal Shrestha (NC) 6935
YearKathmandu 6
1999Ashta Laxmi Shakya (Bohara) (UML) 16307 -- Marshal Julum Shakya (NC) 14107
1994Sahana Pradhan (UML) 18466 -- Damodar Gautam (NC) 10615
YearKathmandu 7
1999Tirtha Ram Dangol (NC) 18587 -- Krishna Gopal Shrestha (UML) 15304
1994Krishna Gopal Shrestha (UML) 22313 -- Dhyan Gobinda Ranjit (NC) 11129
YearBhaktapur 1
1999Narayan Man Bijukchhe (NMKP) 16533 -- Ganesh Man Chakradhar (NC) 10030
1994Narayan Man Bijukchhe (NMKP) 16770 -- Surendra Pratap Shah (RPP) 9438
YearBhaktapur 2
1999Lekh Nath Neupane (NC) 14200 -- Sunil Prajapati (NMKP) 13432
1994Aasakaji Basukala (NMKP) 13581 -- Ganesh Bahadur Khatri (RPP) 11906
YearLalitpur 1
1999Sushila Nepal (UML) 13893 -- Keshar Bahadur Bista Independent 9975
1994Mitharam Sharma Bajgain (UML) 11633 -- Sagar Shamser Rana (NC) 9882
YearLalitpur 2
1999Krishna Lal Maharjan (UML) 16169 -- Jagat Raj Shakya (NC) 14878
1994Siddhi Lal Singh (UML) 23562 -- Chandra Maharjan (NC) 12046
YearLalitpur 3
1999Raghuji Pant (UML) 15570 -- Kamala Maskey (NC) 12249
1994Raghuji Pant (UML) 15733 -- Omkar Prasad Shrestha (NC) 13660
YearKavrepalanchowk 1
1999Shiv Bahadur Deuja (UML) 17015 -- Harsa Jit Lama (NC) 14197
1994Shiv Bahadur Deuja (UML) 13146 -- Satya Man Lama (RPP) 9419
YearKavrepalanchowk 2
1999Shiv Prasad Humagain (NC) 25390 -- Keshav Prasad Badal (UML) 24401
1994Keshav Prasad Badal (UML) 19938 -- Bishnu Prasad Humegain (NC) 12582
YearKavrepalanchowk 3
1999Rajendra Kharel (NC) 18925 -- Bidur Prasad Sapkota (UML) 18404
1994Gobinda Nath Uprety (UML) 16566 -- Rajendra Kharel (NC) 14538
YearSindhupalchowk 1
1999Mohan Bahadur Basnet (NC) 19168 -- Amrit Kumar Bohara (UML) 15956
1994Amrit Kumar Bohora (UML) 13369 -- Pashupati Shamser J.B.R. (RPP) 13169
YearSindhupalchowk 2
1999Subhash Karmacharya (UML) 17897 -- Bishnu Bikram Thapa (RPP) 12138
1994Bishnu Bikram Thapa (RPP) 14893 -- Subhas Karmacharya (UML) 10289
YearSindhupalchowk 3
1999Pashupati Samsher J.B.R. (RPP) 14512 -- Amrit Kumar Bohara (UML) 13491
1994Pashupati Shamser J.B.R. (RPP) 11774 -- Kanchha Lama (NC) 10644
YearMakwanpur 1
1999Krishna Prasad Dahal (UML) 20442 -- Kamal Thapa (RPP) 15985
1994Kamal Thapa (RPP) 16753 -- Krishna Prasad Dahal (UML) 15082
YearMakwanpur 2
1999Birodh Khatiwoda (UML) 18281 -- Deepak Singh (RPP) 15901
1994Birodh Khatiwada (UML) 16154 -- Kamal Thapa (RPP) 11878
YearMakwanpur 3
1999Bir Bahadur Lama (UML) 14474 -- Kamal Thapa (RPP) 12293
1994Hiranyalal Shrestha (UML) 13053 -- Bhim Bahadur Bhomjan (RPP) 10369
YearRautahat 1
1999Madhav Kumar Nepal (UML) 22868 -- Braj Kishor Singh Rajput (NC) 10757
1994Brajkishor Singh (NC) 14637 -- Bishwonath Agrawal Independent 13633
YearRautahat 2
1999Mo. Aftab Aalam (NC) 29758 -- Abul Kalam Aajad (UML) 19775
1994S. Idrish (NC) 22681 -- Dr. S. Moid Independent 8859
YearRautahat 3
1999Banshidhar Mishra (UML) 17391 -- Harihar Prasad Yadav (NC) 13899
1994Harihar Prasad Yadav (NC) 14890 -- Tulsi Lal Amatya (UML) 12366
YearRautahat 4
1999Prakash Koirala (NC) 34978 -- Ramkumar Bhattarai (UML) 18639
1994Uddhab Dhakal (NC) 20482 -- Dr. Banshidhar Mishra (UML) 17949
YearBara 1
1999Uma Kanta Chaudhary (NC) 23601 -- Mukund Neupane (UML) 20646
1994Mukunda Neupane (UML) 17953 -- Sovakhar Parajuli (NC) 15552
YearBara 2
1999Sohan Prasad Chaudhary (UML) 22910 -- Radhechandra Yadav (NC) 19366
1994Radhe Chandra Yadav (NC) 14403 -- Sohan Prasad Chaudhary (UML) 14150
YearBara 3
1999Rishikesh Gautam (NC) 22291 -- Purushottam Poudel (UML) 19197
1994Purushotam Poudel (UML) 21072 -- Rishikesh Gautam (NC) 16846
YearBara 4
1999Farmulha Mansur (NC) 24409 -- Mahamud Aalam (UML) 16927
1994Shalim Miya Ansari (UML) 20148 -- Pharmulaha Mansur (NC) 16145
YearParsa 1
1999Krishna Prasad Bhattarai (NC) 24299 -- Chrianjibi Prasad Acharya (UML) 13193
1994Rajib Parajuli (RPP) 14830 -- Chiranjibi Prasad Acharya (UML) 10062
YearParsa 2
1999Ajaya Kumar Chaurasiya Barai (NC) 20178 -- Nagendra Prasad Chaudhary Tharu (UML) 19622
1994Ram Chandra Prasad Kuswaha (NC) 13347 -- Ram Chandra Shah (UML) 11119
YearParsa 3
1999Surendra Prasad Chaudhary (NC) 21879 -- Praladh Giri (UML) 20201
1994Surendra Prasad Chaudhary (NC) 17743 -- Basudev Tiwari (RPP) 12766
YearParsa 4
1999Urmila Aryal (UML) 17095 -- Ramesh Rijal (NC) 15927
1994Ramesh Rijal (NC) 12116 -- Urmila Aryal (UML) 9288
YearChitwan 1
1999Sabitri Bogati (Pathak) (NC) 19087 -- Jagrit Prasad Bhetwal (UML) 18176
1994Jagrit Prasad Bhetawal (UML) 15924 -- Chudamani Chaudhary (NC) 12023
YearChitwan 2
1999Eknath Ranabhat (NC) 21727 -- Sita Kumari Paudel (UML) 19502
1994Kashinath Adhikari (UML) 17592 -- Tek Prasad Gurung (NC) 12389
YearChitwan 3
1999Dr. Gangadhar Lamsal (NC) 23265 -- Nar Bahadur Khad (UML) 14499
1994Dr. Gangadhar Lamsal (NC) 20327 -- Shailendra Kumar Piya (UML) 15177
YearChitwan 4
1999Narayan Sharma Paudel (NC) 18160 -- Bikram Pandey (RPP) 10670
1994Tirtharaj Bhushal (NC) 19375 -- Diwakar Bhusal (SJM) 13595
YearGorkha 1
1999Chiranjebi Wagle (NC) 17305 -- Ram Sharan Basnet (UML) 13438
1994Chiranjibi Wagle (NC) 13711 -- Narayan Malla (RPP) 11236
YearGorkha 2
1999Kamala Pant (Acharya) (NC) 11544 -- Prem Bahadur Gurung (UML) 11131
1994Kamala Devi Pant (NC) 8195 -- Rajeshwor Devkota (RPP) 6862
YearGorkha 3
1999Hari Lal Joshi (NC) 15477 -- Shiv Kumar Shrestha (UML) 10292
1994Chinakaji Shrestha (NC) 9900 -- Jog Bahadur Gurung (RPP) 7877
YearManang 1
1999Palten Gurung (NC) 0 --
1994Palten Gurung Independent 2315 -- Komal Ghale (NC) 721
YearLamjung 1
1999Ram Bahadur Gurung (NC) 16605 -- Mayanath Adhikari (UML) 14352
1994Ram Chandra Adhikari (NC) 13223 -- Keshab Lal Shrestha (UML) 9729
YearLamjung 2
1999Haribhakta Adhikari (NC) 19026 -- Prithvisubba Gurung (UML) 18699
1994Ram Bahadur Gurung (NC) 15920 -- Prithbi Subba Gurung (UML) 14342
YearKaski 1
1999Taranath Ranabhat (NC) 23939 -- Khag Raj Adhikari (UML) 20136
1994Khagraj Adhikari (UML) 19965 -- Taranath Ranabhat (NC) 18714
YearKaski 2
1999Mahadev Gurung (NC) 26443 -- Tul Bahadur Gurung (UML) 22126
1994Tul Bahadur Gurung (UML) 22377 -- Shukra Raj Sharma (NC) 18663
YearKaski 3
1999Prakash Bahadur Gurung (NC) 18739 -- Somnath Adhikari Pyasi (UML) 16091
1994Krishna Bahadur Gurung (NC) 14980 -- Simnath Adhikari Pyasi (UML) 14831
YearTanahu 1
1999Gobind Raj Joshi (NC) 23205 -- Eak Bahadur Rana Magar (UML) 15908
1994Gobinda Raj Joshi (NC) 19086 -- Yek Bahadur Rana Magar (UML) 11322
YearTanahu 2
1999Ram Chandra Paudel (NC) 24446 -- Shanker Narayan Shrestha (UML) 10325
1994Ram Chandra Poudel (NC) 22639 -- Bishwobandhu Bhandari (UML) 6493
YearTanahu 3
1999Tuk Raj Sigdel (UML) 2 -- Bishnu Bir Aale (NC) 19015
1994Amar Raj Kaini (NC) 16306 -- Tuk Raj Sigdel (UML) 16211
YearShyanja 1
1999Hit Kaji Gurung (UML) 22733 -- Jagat Bandhu Aryal (NC) 20722
1994Trilochan Sharma Dhakal (UML) 20969 -- K. P. Rudraman Gurung (NC) 17974
YearShyanja 2
1999Gopal Man Shrestha (NC) 21572 -- Prem Narayan Sharma Paudel (UML) 13991
1994Dhruba Raj Lamsal (UML) 14820 -- Gopal Man Shrestha (NC) 12236
YearShyanja 3
1999Shanker Prasad Pandey (NC) 23102 -- Bishnu Bahadur Thapa (Magar) (UML) 16893
1994Mahendra Thapa (UML) 20092 -- Khagendra Raj Regmi (NC) 19542
YearGulmi 1
1999Fatik Bahadur Thapa (UML) 18672 -- Jhak Bahadur Pun (NC) 16496
1994Ram Nath Sharma Dhakal (UML) 17485 -- Jhak Bahadur Pun (NC) 14573
YearGulmi 2
1999Pradip Kumar Gyawali (UML) 24345 -- Chandra Bahadur K.C. (NC) 23669
1994Kamal Raj Shrestha (UML) 25651 -- Bhagwat Gyawali (NC) 19872
YearGulmi 3
1999Gokarna Raj Bista (UML) 18020 -- Trailokya Prasad Sen (Oli) (NC) 15764
1994Tanka Prasad Pokhrel (UML) 14753 -- Rudra Mani Bhandari Sharma (NC) 13986
YearPalpa 1
1999Bhdra Bahadur Thapa (UML) 19477 -- Vijaya Raj Ghimire (NC) 16393
1994Dal Bahadur Rana (UML) 19690 -- Kalu Ram Rana (NC) 14815
YearPalpa 2
1999Som Prashad Pandey (UML) 15905 -- Rajan Prasad Pant (NC) 15151
1994Som Prasad Pandey (UML) 17851 -- Gambhir Jung Karki Chhetri (NC) 12147
YearPalpa 3
1999Yadav Bahadur Rayamajhi (UML) 18068 -- Bhagawoti Dhoj Rajlawat (NC) 16716
1994Bishnu Prasad Poudel (UML) 15766 -- Hari Prasad Nepal (NC) 12697
YearArgakhanchi 1
1999Dilaram Acharya (RJM) 23452 -- Dr. Ram Bahadur Basyal (B.C.) (NC) 20340
1994Rewati Prasad Bhusal (NC) 16752 -- Gunanidhi Bhusal (UML) 15331
YearArgakhanchi 2
1999Dili Raj Khanal (UML) 21336 -- Mrs. Puspa Devi Bhusal (NC) 20064
1994Dhundi Raj Sharma Poudel (NC) 19862 -- Pitambar Bhusal (UML) 14485
YearNawalparasi 1
1999Damodar Bastakoti (NC) 25330 -- Deepak Chhetri (UML) 17944
1994Mahendra Dhoj G. C. (NC) 19137 -- Krishna Prasad Ghimire (UML) 17431
YearNawalparasi 2
1999Chandra Mani Kharal (UML) 23125 -- Mahendra Dhoj G.C. (NC) 22701
1994Majhi Lal Tharu Thanet (UML) 21388 -- Surya Bhakta Adhikari (NC) 18471
YearNawalparasi 3
1999Hridayas Tripathi (NSP) 18133 -- Triyuge Narayan Chaudhary (NC) 17349
1994Rhidayesh Tripathi (NSP) 15297 -- Triyugi Narayan Tharu Chaudhary (NC) 11729
YearNawalparasi 4
1999Devendra Raj Kandel (NC) 18679 -- Durga Prasad Chaudhary (NSP) 16915
1994Devendra Raj Kadel (NC) 19510 -- Durga Prasad Chaudhary (NSP) 14077
YearRupandehi 1
1999Duryodhan Singh (NC) 13092 -- Dipak Bohara (RPP) (Chand) 12771
1994Duryodhan Singh (NC) 12819 -- Ghanashyam Bhusal (UML) 11243
YearRupandehi 2
1999Ram Krishna Tamrakar (NC) 14441 -- Lok Bahadur Budh Rana (UML) 12923
1994Dhanapati Upadhyay (UML) 13571 -- Ram krishna Tamrakar (NC) 10850
YearRupandehi 3
1999Surya Prasad Pradhan (NC) 23697 -- Vishnu Prasad Poudel (UML) 23033
1994Modnath Prashrit (UML) 19675 -- Bal Krishna Khan (NC) 15349
YearRupandehi 4
1999Bharat Kumar Shah (NC) 15030 -- Ajim Miya (NSP) 14539
1994Jyotendra Mohan Chaudhary Independent 11559 -- Ajim Miya (NSP) 11015
YearRupandehi 5
1999Yagyajit Shah (NSP) 19203 -- Sarbendra Nath Shukla (RPP) 14476
1994Sarbendra Nath Shukla (RPP) 13919 -- Yagyajit Shah Independent 11712
YearKapilbastu 1
1999Dan Bahadur Chaudhary (UML) 14494 -- Kamlesh Kumar Sharma (NC) 13534
1994Kamlesh Kumar Sharma (NC) 11658 -- Tika Ram Aryal (UML) 7370
YearKapilbastu 2
1999Brijesh Kumar Gupta (RPP) 24699 -- Dip Kumar Upadhyaya (NC) 18585
1994Dip Kumar Upadhyaya (NC) 18878 -- Bhagwan Das Gupta (RPP) 17401
YearKapilbastu 3
1999Birendra Kumar Kanudiya (NC) 12261 -- Surendra Raj Acharya Independent 8759
1994Bishnu Raj Acharya (NC) 15698 -- Hari Narayan Rajauriya (RPP) 12019
YearKapilbastu 4
1999Ajay Pratap Shah (RPP) 14091 -- Mangal Prasad Gupta (NC) 11618
1994Mirjadil Sadbeg (RPP) 21391 -- Dr. Rudra Pratap Shah (NC) 17168
YearMustang 1
1999Romy Gauchan Thakali (NC) 3891 -- Krishna Gauchan (UML) 2029
1994Sushil Man Sherchan (NC) 2969 -- Nar Bahadur Hirachan (RPP) 2749
YearMyagdi 1
1999Narayan Singh Pun (NC) 16984 -- Miss Nardevi Pun (UML) 12196
1994Nil Bahadur Tilija (UML) 15486 -- Bhim Prasad Gauchan (RPP) 11961
YearBaglung 1
1999Tanka Prasad Sharma Kadel (NC) 15467 -- Ramji Prasad Sharma (UML) 15425
1994Gobinda Raj Adhikari (UML) 14937 -- Gobinda Prasad Sharma (NC) 10292
YearBaglung 2
1999Chitra Bahadur K.C. (RJM) 24124 -- Gopal Prasad Sapkota (NC) 15040
1994Min Bahadur Khatri (NC) 15283 -- Chitra Bahadur K.C. Independent 15089
YearBaglung 3
1999Pari Thapa (RJM) 16456 -- Ram Prasad Acharya (NC) 13851
1994Pari Thapa Independent 12477 -- Tula Singha Gharti Independent 6250
YearParbat 1
1999Arjun Prasad Joshi (NC) 18683 -- Judda Bahadur Gurung (UML) 10724
1994Indu Sharma (NC) 13621 -- Yam Bahadur Gurung (UML) 12769
YearParbat 2
1999Dilli Raj Sharma (NC) 14777 -- Moti Prasad Paudel (UML) 13504
1994Dev Bahadur Poudel Chhetri (UML) 16682 -- Uma Adhikari (NC) 11674
YearRukum 1
1999Keshar Man Rokka (NC) 7992 -- Nand Lal Sharma (UML) 7685
1994Krishna Prasad Upadhyay (Gautam) (NC) 11694 -- Hasta Bahadur K. C. (UML) 4925
YearRukum 2
1999Tirtha Gautam (UML) 11135 -- Gopalji Jung Shah (NC) 10639
1994Gopalji Jung Shah (NC) 14729 -- Dhruba Bikram Shah (RPP) 5707
YearRolpa 1
1999Lekh Nath Acharya (NC) 6695 -- Bhup Narayan Ghartimagar (RPP) 5225
1994Balaram Gharti Magar (RPP) 9523 -- Amrit Bahadur Gharti (NC) 8328
YearRolpa 2
1999Surendra Hamal (NC) 8344 -- Kumar Dasaudi (UML) 6924
1994Surendra Hamal (NC) 17395 -- Kumar Dashaudi (UML) 6260
YearPyuthan 1
1999Hari Acharya (RJM) 14890 -- Chakra Bahadur Roka Magar (CPN-ML) 6194
1994Shivraj Subedi (NC) 9403 -- Keshar Bahadur Gurung Independent 9143
YearPyuthan 2
1999Nav Raj Subedi (RJM) 16311 -- Mukti Prasad Sharma (NC) 10860
1994Nawaraj Subedi Independent 9740 -- Mukti Prasad Sharma (NC) 9676
YearSalyan 1
1999Prakash Jwala (UML) 8208 -- Rajendra Bahadur Shah (NC) 7089
1994Rajendra Bahadur Shah (NC) 11714 -- Prakash Jwala (UML) 7930
YearSalyan 2
1999Netra Lal Shrestha (RPP) 10922 -- Mahesh Kumar Malla (NC) 8372
1994Chhabi Prasad Devkota (NC) 14491 -- Netra Lal Shrestha (RPP) 9498
YearDang 1
1999Khum Bahadur Khadka (NC) 27865 -- Parshu Narayan Chaudhary (RPP) 9159
1994Hari Prasad Chaudhary (NC) 12333 -- Parshu Narayan Chaudhary (RPP) 11024
YearDang 2
1999Bal Dev Sharma (NC) 14811 -- Chhabi Lal Oli (UML) 8463
1994Baldev Sharma (NC) 12560 -- Susma Sharma Ghimire (UML) 9695
YearDang 3
1999Krishna Kishor Ghimire (NC) 19072 -- Shankar Pokhrel (UML) 11647
1994Shankar Pokharel (UML) 19366 -- Dipak Giri (NC) 16351
YearDang 4
1999Gehendra Giri (NC) 16061 -- Shrimani Sharma Acharya (UML) 8274
1994Khum Bahadur Khadka (NC) 17557 -- Giri Raj K. C. (UML) 11022
YearDolpa 1
1999Nar Bahadur Budhathoki (UML) 8371 -- Karna Bahadur Budha Independent 4567
1994Moti Prasad Pahadi Independent 6424 -- Karna Bahadur Budha (RPP) 6123
YearMugu 1
1999Chandra Bahadur Shahi (UML) 11134 -- Karme Jaishy (NC) 8701
1994Hasta Bahadur Malla (NC) 9190 -- Chandra Bahadur Shahi (UML) 7259
YearJumla 1
1999Devi Lal Thapa (UML) 11324 -- Din Bandhu Shrestha (NC) 8318
1994Bhakta Bahadur Rokaya (NMKP) 6591 -- Lalit Jung Shahi Independent 6112
YearKalikot 1
1999Prem Bahadur Singh (UML) 10813 -- Netra Bahadur Shahi (NC) 9394
1994Yagya Raj Neupane (UML) 9979 -- Dharma Datta Upadhyay (RPP) 9550
YearHumla 1
1999Gorakh Bahadur Bogati (UML) 11879 -- Chakra Bahadur Shahi Independent 7662
1994Chakra Bahadur Shahi (NC) 7887 -- Ang Bahadur Lama Independent 6920
YearJajarkot 1
1999Govind Bikram Shah (RPP) 8452 -- Krishna Bahadur Shahi (UML) 7676
1994Jhalak Nath Wagle (NC) 7636 -- Tej Bikram Shah (RPP) 6849
YearJajarkot 2
1999Ratna Prasad Sharma Neupane (UML) 9207 -- Deepak Jung Shah Independent 4811
1994Dipak Jung Shah (NC) 10070 -- Krishna Bahadur Shahi (UML) 6489
YearDailekh 1
1999Nar Bahadur Hamal (UML) 17047 -- Ganesh Bahadur Khadka (NC) 15765
1994Ganesh Bahadur Khadka (NC) 10695 -- Rang Nath Joshi (NMKP) 8508
YearDailekh 2
1999Shiv Raj Joshi (NC) 18882 -- Binod Kumar Shah (UML) 14448
1994Binod Kumar Shah (NMKP) 13640 -- Ranga Bahadur Shahi (NC) 6725
YearSurkhet 1
1999Purna Bahadur Khadka (NC) 16980 -- Rishi Prasad Sharma (UML) 16594
1994Purna Bahadur Khadka (NC) 13771 -- Rishi Prasad Sharma (UML) 12654
YearSurkhet 2
1999Rhidya Ram Thani (NC) 16870 -- Shiv Prasad Upadhaya (UML) 15791
1994Yam Lal Kadel (UML) 12848 -- Rhidaya Ram Thani (NC) 11556
YearSurkhet 3
1999Shiv Raj Joshi (NC) 10687 -- Nanda Chapai (UML) 8310
1994Shiv Raj Joshi (NC) 9258 -- Nawaraj Rawot (UML) 7431
YearBanke 1
1999Gyanu K.C. (NC) 15137 -- Dinesh Chandra Yadav (UML) 14179
1994Prem Bahadur Bhandari (RPP) 15276 -- Sanat Kumar Sharma Regmi (NC) 11824
YearBanke 2
1999Sushil Koirala (NC) 15256 -- Rijwan Ahammad Sah (CPN-ML) 6185
1994Shanti Shamsher Rana (RPP) 15711 -- Sushil Koirala (NC) 10222
YearBanke 3
1999Kailash Nath Kasudhan (NC) 12086 -- Dal Bahadur Sunar (CPN-ML) 8735
1994Fateh Singh Tharu (RPP) Phatte 13659 -- Hari Prasad Parajuli (UML) 10638
YearBardia 1
1999Mrs Kashi Paudel (NC) 17219 -- Bam Dev Gautam (CPN-ML) 13247
1994Bamdev Gautam (UML) 16933 -- Phularam Tharu (NC) 10949
YearBardia 2
1999Mangal Prasad Tharu (NC) 14070 -- Prativa Rana (RPP) 9617
1994Shyam Prasad Dhakal (UML) 11907 -- Gyan Raj Sharma (NC) 8328
YearBardia 3
1999Khem Raj Bhatt Mayalu (NC) 15574 -- Shyam Prasad Dhakal (UML) 8952
1994Kashiram Tharu (UML) 14265 -- Binaya Dhoj Chand (NC) 11312
YearBajura 1
1999Janak Raj Giri (NC) 23129 -- Karna Bahadur Thapa (UML) 11063
1994Hikmat Bahadur Shahi (UML) 21013 -- Dev Raj Joshi (NC) 19503
YearAchham 1
1999Gobinda Bahadur Shah (NC) 27690 -- Bhim Bahadur Rawal (UML) 23457
1994Bhim Bahadur Rawal (UML) 18060 -- Gobind Bahadur Shah (NC) 13059
YearAchham 2
1999Ram Bahadur Bista (NC) 19523 -- Bharat Saud (UML) 11740
1994Bhim Bahadur Kadayat (UML) 12797 -- Ram Bahadur Bista (NC) 10733
YearBajhang 1
1999Arjun Jang Bahadur Singh (NC) 14209 -- Arjun Bahadur Thapa (UML) 13827
1994Bhanubhakta Jaisee (UML) 12603 -- Arjung Jang Bahadur Singh (NC) 6640
YearBajhang 2
1999Suresh Malla (NC) 12097 -- Birendra Bahadur Bhandari (UML) 8105
1994Naresh Bahadur Singh Independent 5658 -- Bhairab Bahadur Singh (UML) 5527
YearDoti 1
1999Bhakta Bahadur Balayar (NC) 14198 -- Harka Bahadur Singh (UML) 12290
1994Bhakta Bahadur Balayar (NC) 8201 -- Purna Raj Joshi (UML) 6132
YearDoti 2
1999Sidhraj Ojha (NC) 11922 -- Narayan Dutt Bhatt (RPP) (Chand) 8069
1994Siddha Raj Ojha (NC) 8787 -- Narayan Datta Bhatta (RPP) 4669
YearKailali 1
1999Miss Sushila Swar (NC) 15700 -- Himanchal Raj Bhattarai (UML) 9124
1994Himanchal Raj Bhattarai (UML) 8493 -- Keshar Singh Kadayat (NC) 7441
YearKailali 2
1999Ram Janam Chaudhary (NC) 21976 -- Mohan Raj Malla (RPP) 13293
1994Ram Janam Chaudhary (NC) 16114 -- Mohan Raj Malla (RPP) 11898
YearKailali 3
1999Puskar Nath Ojha (NC) 19389 -- Dinesh Chandra Subedi (UML) 11844
1994Chakra Bahadur Dagaura Chaudhary (UML) 13883 -- Puskar Nath Ojha (NC) 10432
YearKailali 4
1999Tek Bahadur Chokhyal (NC) 17998 -- Hanuman Chaudhary (UML) 11907
1994Maheshwor Pathak (UML) 9594 -- Dhan Bahadur Bam Rajwar (RPP) 9038
YearDarchula 1
1999Dilendra Prasad Badu (NC) 22379 -- Bir Bahadur Thagunna (UML) 16656
1994Prem Singh Dhami (UML) 15708 -- Dilendra Prasad Badu (NC) 11611
YearBaitadi 1
1999Narendra Bahadur Bum (NC) 11313 -- Prithvi Raj Abasthi (UML) 9901
1994Lokendra Bahadur Chand (RPP) 11023 -- Prithbiraj Awasthi (UML) 5865
YearBaitadi 2
1999Binayadhoj Chand (NC) 13099 -- Anand Dev Bhatt (UML) 7611
1994Lokendra Bahadur Chand (RPP) 9755 -- Durga Datta Joshi (NC) 6962
YearDadeldhuda 1
1999Sher Bahadur Duewa (NC) 28651 -- Bageshwori Dutt Chataut (UML) 7840
1994Sher Bahadur Deuwa (NC) 20701 -- Khem Raj Bhatta (Mayalu) Nepal Janabadi Morcha 9966
YearKanchanpur 1
1999Narayan Prakash Saud (NC) 13101 -- Ram Kumar Gyawali (UML) 9219
1994Ram Kumar Gyawali (UML) 11425 -- Amar Sing Rana (NC) 9254
YearKanchanpur 2
1999Tarini Dutt Chataut (NC) 13109 -- Chandra Lal Chaudhary (UML) 10282
1994Bhojraj Joshi (UML) 11863 -- Tarinidatta Chataut (NC) 7203
YearKanchanpur 3
1999Ramesh Lekhak (NC) 13527 -- Indra Bahadur Khatri (RPP) (Chand) 8336
1994Urbadutta Pant (UML) 11100 -- Narayan Prakash Saud (NC) 6453 


References
http://nepalinetbook.blogspot.com/2008/04/revisiting-spring-of-1959.html
http://www.election.gov.np/EN/toptwo.html
http://election.ekantipur.com/?lng=eng
http://election.onlinekhabar.com/
http://ratopati.com/election/
http://result.election.gov.np/



2008 Constituent Assembly Election (Total: 601)
Total seats : 601 (FTTP: 240, Proportional : 335, Nomination: 26)
Maoist 229, Nepali Congress 115, UML 108, MJF 54

CPN Maoist - FPTP 2008 : Sharad Singh Bhandari, Topbahadur Rayamajhi, Mani (Khambu) Kirati, Mohanbahadur Khatri, Balkrishna Dhungel, Keshab Rai, Devilal Chaudhary, Harish Thakulla Kamal Chetteri, Puran Rana Tharu, Tekendraprasad Bhatta, Suryaman Dong Tamang, Akal Bahadur Thing, Tejbahadur Mijar, Pushpakamal Dahal (Prachanda), Hisila yami (Bhattarai), Hitman Shakya, Jhakkuprasad Subedi, Khadgabahadur Biswokarma, Krishnabahadur Gurung, Rajkaji Gurung, Durgakumari B.K., Lekharaj Bhatta, Birman Chaudhary, Lilakumari Bhandari, Rupa So. Si. Chaudhary, Bhagatbahadur Badhuwal, Krishnakumar Chaudhari, Ramkumar Rai, Samita Karki, Sudarshan Baral, Chandrabahadur Thapa, Amarbahadur Gurung Tamu, Baburam Bhattarai, Parbati Thapa (Shrestha), Narayanprasad Dahal, Chitrabahadur Shrestha, Rambahadur Thapa Magar (Chitwan), Bhaktabahadur Shah, Kalibahadur Malla, Naresh Bhandari, Bishodip Lingden Limbu, Gauri Shankar Khadka, Dharmaprasad Ghimire, Dharmashila Chapagai, Purnaprasad Rajbanshi, Khembahadur Bam, Rambahadur Bohora, Sureshkumar Alemagar, Damakumari Sharma, Indrajit Tharu, Krishnabahadur Mahara, Shivaraj Gautam, Shushma Sharma Ghimire, Laxman Datta Joshi, Devi Khadka, Hembahadur Shrestha, Hariraj Limbu, Hemraj Bhandari, Kalpana Dhamala, Pushpabikram Malla, Shalikram Jamkatel, Chinak Kurmi, Sitadevi Boudel, Bimala Subedi, Postbahadur Bogati, Gunakhal Basyal, Lilakumari Bagale (Somai), Dipakbahadur K.C., Narayanprasad Adhikari, Shankarbahadur Khadka, Santakumar Tharu, Sarala Regmi, Bishnuprasad Chaudhary Tharu, Ramcharan Chaudhary (Tharu), Tilak Pariyar, Purnakumari Subedi, Jayaram Dahal, Shivachandra Prasad Kushwaha, Narendrabahadur Kunwar, Renu Chand (Bhatta), Padambahadur Rai, Sudan Rai, Dilbahadur Ghising, Pralhad Lamichhane, Prembahdur Pulami, Kumari Muktan, Devprasad Gurung, Girirajmani Pokhrel, Navraj Dhami, Lalbahadur Susling Magar, Gopibahadur Sarki (Achhami), Nagendrabahadur Dhimal, Sabitrikumar Kafle, Gobinda Poudel, Prembahadur Tamang, Dilliman Tamang, Taranarayan Shrestha, Janardan Sharma, Junkumari Rokka (Oli), Ghanashyam Yadav Ahir, Jayapuri Gharti, Santosh Kumar Budhamagar, Devendraprasad Patel, Prabhu Saha Teli, Buddhiram Gurung, Barshaman Pun Magar, Pampha Bhusal, Rajkaji Maharjan, Purnaprasad Rai, Tekbahadur Basnet, Umakant Sharma, Agniprashad Sapkota, Rajkumar Shrestha, Dawa Tamang, Nirkumari Kunwar, Chandraprasad Gajurel, Mahendra Paswan, Kirankumar Rai, Kamala Sharma, Narbahadur Bista, Gopal Kiranti, Karnajit Budhathoki

CPN Maoist PR 2008: Darmaraj B.K., Dinanath Sharma, Purnabahadur Rana, Ashokkumar RokayaChhetri, Pattu Tharu, Jwalakumari Saha, Sundara Tharu, Satyalal Mul, Uma Gothe (Kapali), Indrajit Rai, Maya Chepang, Renu Dahal, Shanta Neupane, Bharatkumari Regmi Sharma, Kuber Bahadur Oli, Narayanprasad Poudel, Gita Thagunna, Birbahadur Tamang, Durgadevi (Paswan), Pramiladevi Yadav, Chunbahadur Thami, Satya Pahadi, Gyanendra Kumal, Khusiram Pakhrin, Parashuram Ramtel, Uma Bhujel, Suryabahadur Sen, Chhimi Lama, Bishnukumari Rai, Padamlal Bishwokarma, Mayaprasad Sharma, Bhishma Dhimal, Siddharth Kumar Somani, Hariram Sipaili, Sakadaiya Chaudhary (Tharu), Direndrakumari Upadhyay, Indramati Yadav, Sanghprasad Tharu, Khimlal Devkota, Aangdawa Sherpa, Bishobhakta Dulal, Dilip Maharjan, Iswariprasad Dahal, Mahalaxmi Shrestha, Shramanel Anand, Renuka Chaulagai, Santamaya Tamang, DurgaJayanti Rai, Ganga Parajuli, Himkumari Sunar, Bharat Prasad Shah, Bhdhanidevi Mahato, Yashoda Gurung (Subedi), Amilal Jhagad, Babulal Paswan, Jubba Soren, Nandkumar Prasai, Shantidevi Rajbanshi, Birendra Juharchan, Gambahadur Shrish Magar, Binod Pahadi, Rupa B.K., Dhruba Aangdambe, Chanda Devi, Islamamiya Dhobi, Laxmi Gurung, Parbati Rasaili, Jokhabahadur Mahara, Khuma Subedi, Onsari Gharti Magar, Santoshi B.K., Tarakumari Gharti, Bimala K.C., Kamala Rokka, Lokendra Bista Magar, Sharada Ghimire, Ekraj Bhandari, Uma Karki Bista, Lalitakumari Saha, Laxmi Kumari Chaudhary, Shivaram Yadav, Halina Khatun Sokhin, Indrawati Adhikati (Danuwar), Kalpanadevi Subedi, Tulbahadur Majhi, Keshabprasad Nepal, Jagat Prasad Yadav, Ramkumar Yadav, Sunita Kumari Mahato, Liladevi Mehata, Puja Khanal, Santosh Tharu, Mangal B.K., Amrita Thapa Magar, Goma Pathak, Mohamad Safik Miya, Bhimprasad Gautam, Sabitra Gurung Dura, Shreeram Dhakal, Sita Pokhrel, Sanchapal Maden, Shusila Kandangwa, Bimala Mijar, Rambahadur Thapa Magar (Udayapur)


Nepali Congress FPTP 2008: Pushpa Bhusal, Kulbahadur Gurung, Narayan Khadka, Dipkumar Upadhyaya (Lamichhane), Chakrabahadur Thakuri, Dhyangovinda Ranjit, Nabindraraj Joshi, Suprabha Ghimire, Narahari Acharya, Prakashman Singh, Keshabkumar Budhathoki, Sherbahadur Deuwa, Ramchandra Poudel, Suryaman Gurung, Tulasi Subba, Ganeshbahadur Khadka, Bimalendra Nidhi, Ramkrishna Yadav, Mahendradhwoj G.C., Shashank Koirala, Ramsharan Mahat, Arjunprashad Joshi, Ajayakumar Chaurasiya, Ramesh Rijal, Ajayakumar Dwiwedi, Purnakumar Sherma, Narbahadur Pun, Devraj Joshi, Umakant Chaudhary, Aamodprasd Upadhyay, Shekhar Koirala, Balkrishna Khand, Mo. Aftab Aalam, Krishnaprasad Yadav, Gopalman Shrestha, Mohanprasad Pandey

Nepali Congress PR 2008 : Nirmala Prasai, Sundevi Joshi, Urmila Thapa, Lila Subba, Birendra Majhi, Bhotanidevi Khawas, Kabita Kumari Sardar, Bina Poudel, Ratna Sherchan, Chandriram Tamata, Maha Nepali, Badshah Kurmi, Mohamddi Siddiki, Shobhakar Parajuli, Kumar Rai, Uma Adhikari (Regmi), Aarju Rana Deuwa, Baldev Sharma Majagaiya, Bimala Nepali, Krishna Thakur, Mahendra Yadav, Minakshi Jha, Ramsaroj Yadav, Sarashoti Chaudhary, Jipchhiring Lama Sherpa, Dudhakumari Hamal, Kalpana Sov, Jivanprem Shrestha, Tikaram Subba Lepcha, Amritlal Rajbanshi, Usha Gurung, Ishwari Neupane, Manbahadur Mahato, Ramesh Lekhak, Krishnakumari Pariyar, Ambika Basnet, Diwakar Golchha, Gagan Thapa, Kalyani Rijal, Krishna Amatya, Rama Guragai, Tirtharam Dangol, Harshajit Lama, Kamala Thapa, Lalita Kingring Magar, Hira Gurung, Ramkrishna Chitrakar, Kiran Yadav, Mahalaxmi Aryal Upadhyay, Minendraprasad Rijal, Jagadishwor Narasingh K.C., Prakashsharan Mahat, Omprakash Sharma, Rameshowrprasad Rauniar, Shambhu Hajara Dusadh, Laxmanprasad Ghimire, Sabitri Singh, Pasang Sherpa (Sankhuwasabha), Munnikumari Gupta, Shivachandra Mishra, Mina Pandey, Pradip Giri, Gokarna Rai, Purushotam Basnet, Ramawati Chaudhari, Khadgabahadur Basyal (Sarki), Purnabahadur Khadka, Dhanraj Gurung, Indrabahadur Gurung, Sita Gurung, Laxmi Pariyar, Pramila Rai

CPN UML FPTP 2008 : Sherbahadur Kunwar, Jhalanath Khanal, Subaschandra Nemwang, Krishnaprasad Sapkota, Rabindra Prasad Adhikari, Pradipkumar Gyawali, Lalmani Chaudhary, Dipak Karki, Harkabahadur Singh, Kiran Gurung, Dambardhoj Tumbahamphe, Rajbahadur Budha Chhetri, Ramchandra Jha, Shatrudhan Mahoto, Raghubir Mahaseth, Pradumanprasad Chauhan, Damgar Singh Sambhahamphe, Dalbahadur Rana, Kulprasad Nepal, Bhanubhakta Joshi, Ramjiprasad Sharma, Chandrabahadur Gurung (Mustang), Ramnatha Dhakal, Bishnuprasad Poudel, Prithvi Subba Gurung, Muhamad Rijwan, Prakash Pakhrin, Bishamlal Adhikari, Dharmaraj Niraula, Bhimprasad Acharya, Yamlal Kandel, Hitkaji Gurung

CPN UML PR 2008: Thammaya Thapamagar, Bhaire Kami, Bhimbahadur Rawal, Najir Miya, Puransingh Dayal, Dalbahadur Sunar, Bivakumari Karki, Gopal Thakur, Ramchandra Pyasi Kushwah, Bina Gyawali, Chiranjibi Ram Tharu, Sharadadevi Kumal, Sitakumari Poudel, Shankar Pokhrel, Shanta Chaudhary, Gopalsingh Bohara, Surendra Pandey, Durga Linkha, Rajkumar Rai, Jaya Ghimire, Sharada Jha, Urmila Devi Saha, Shanti Jirel, Shantimaya Tamang, Sakuntala Lepcha, Agniprashad Kharel, Mansingh Rajbanshi, Nilam K.C. (Khadka), Yubraj Karki, Devilal Thapa, Naradmuni Rana, Shantidevi Chamar, Bijayakumar Poudel, Binodkumar Chaudhary, Lucky Sherpa, Mangalshiddhi Manandhar, Ratna Gurung, Sabitra Bhusal, Sapana Pradhan Malla, Shanti Basnet (Adhikari), Ushakala Rai, Gobindaram Praja, Jogilal Yadav, Lalbabu Pandit, Yashodadevi Adhikari, Sonam Chhejung Lama, Tasi Shangmo Gurungseni, Roshan Gaha Thapa, Binda Pandey, Bishnuprasad Rimal, Gobinda Nepali, Narayani Devi Ghimire Aryal, Abul Kalam Aajad, Sarala Yadav, Rimakumari Nepali, Chhabilal Bishwokarma, Netraprasad Panthi, Radha Gyawali, Direndrabahadur Shrestha, Ramprit Paswan, Kirankumari (Ray), Dolma Tamang, Lharakyal Lama, Julikumari Mahato, Ramarati Ram, Hasina Miya, Padma Kumari Aryal, Bishnumaya Bishokarma, Ranadhoj Limbu, Durga Pariyar

MJF Nepal FPTP 2008

Abhishekpratap Shah, Sanjaykumar Saha, Ram Bacchan Ahir (Yadav), Karima Begam, Mohammad Istiyak Rai, Sarbadevprasad Ojha, Pramodprasad Gupta, Kaushalkumar Ray Yadav, Harinarayan Yadav, Sharat Singh Bhandari, Bhimraj Chaudhary Rajbanshi, Jayaram Yadav, Ramanand Mandal, Omprakash Yadav (Rupandehi - 6), Omprakash Yadav (Rupandehi - 2), Muhamad Okil Musalman, Hemraj Tated, Jayaprakashprasad Gupta, Mrigendrakumar Singh Yadav, Renukumari Yadav, Shivapujan Raya Yadav, Shatrudhanprasad Singh Koiri, Laxman Mahato, Bijayakumar Yadav, Rajkishor Yadav, Rajlal Yadav, Bijayakumar Gachchhadar, Mugalal Mahato, Upendra Yadav

MJF NEPAL PR 2008
Sandhya Devi, Aatmaramprasad Saha, Kalawati Devi Dusadh, Ram Sahayaprasad Yadav, Suritakumari Saha, Ramjanam Chaudhary, Madhusudan Agrawal, Tilakbahadur Rawal, Shrawankumar Agrawal, Aashakumari Sardar, Durgadevi Mahato, Nilam Varma, Rambha Devi, Chandrikaprasad Yadav, Bishonathprasad Yadav, Nandankumar Datta, Salama Khatun Mikrani, Sebakidevi Das Tatma, Lalita Saha, Ramchandra Rai Amat, Sabitadevi Yadav, Shivanarayan Urao


TMLP FPTP 2008 : Ishowar Dayal Mishra, Brijeshkumar Gupta, Danbahadur Kurmi (Chaudhary), Hridesh Tripathi, Jitendraprasad Sonar, Ganesh Tiwari Nepali, Gobinda Chaudhary, Sumitradevi Rai Yadav

TMLP PR 2008: Arbinda Saha, Basanti Jha, Jayaprakash yadav, Kabindranath Thakur, Kashidevi Jha, Salahuuddin Musalman, Bimalkumar Kedia, Chandan Saha, Ramani Ram, Mahendraprasad Yadav, Urmila Mahato Koiri

Sadbhawana Party FPTP 2008 : Sarojkumar Yadav, Maheshprasad Yadavl, Rajendra Mahato, Khovari Ray

Sadbhawana Party PR 2008: Laxmanlal Karna, Malamati Devi Rana, Anilkumar Jha, Ramnaresh Rai, Gauri Mahato Koiri

RPP PR 2008: Dalkumari Sunwar, Chalanbahadur Tamang, Lokendrabahadur Chand, Pratibha Rana, Suryabahadur K.C., Alaudin Ansari, Babita Devi Dhobi, Navodita Chaudhary

RPP (Nepal) PR 2008: Kunti Kumari Shahi, Babina Moktan Lawati, Ramanarayan Singh, Chandrabahadur Gurung (Syanja)

NSP Anandidevi 2008 PR : Motilal Dugad, Sarita Giri

NWPP FPTP 2008 : Narayanman Bijukchhe, Sunil Prajapati
NWPP PR 2008 : Lila Nyaichyai, Navaraj Koirala

R Janamorcha FPTP 2008 = Chitrabahadur K.C.
R Janamorcha PR 2008 = Santabahadur Nepali, Mina Pun, Rashmiraj Nepali
Janamorcha Nepal FPTP 2008 = Amik Sherchan

CPN ML PR 2008
Sharada Nepali, Parbati Mahato (Kumal), Damodar Chaudhary, Yadubansha jha Maithil Bahun, Chandraprakash Mainali, Janakkumari Chalise, Tilakbahadur Thapa Magar

CPN United PR 2008
Pari Thapa, Radhadevi Timalsena, Sunilbabu Pant, Chandradev Joshi, Kalpana Rana, Raghavbir Joshi, Ramshila Thakur

R Janamukti PR 2008
Chhiyama Rai, Malwar Singh Thapa, Prakashchandra Lohani, Phulmatidevi Chauchary, Arjun Rai

FDN Forum PR 2008 = Rukmini Chaudhary, Rajkumar Limbu (Nalbo)
Nepali Janta Dal PR 2008 = Bishonath Prasad Agrawal, Gayatri Saha

Nepa: Rastriya PR 2008 = Buddharatna Manandhar
Nepal Pariwar Dal PR 2008 = Eknath Dhakal
SDPP Nepal PR 2008 = Prembahadur Singh
SP Janta Party PR 2008 = Laxmilal Chaudhary
Chure Bhawar PR 2008 = Keshabprasad Mainali
Dalit Janjati Parti PR 2008 = Bishwendra Paswan

Independent FPTP 2008 = Baban Singh, Sadarul Miya Hak

Other 2008

Shila Katila, Achutraj Pandey, Nilambar Acharya, Padamjyoti, Chandralal Meche, Jagatbahadur Tajpuriya, Dabalbahadur Shah, Sherbhadur Pahari, Madhavkumar Nepal, Bhupendra Chaudhary, Bhagawati Chaudhary, Harilal Thapa Magar, Jagyabahadur Shahi, Mahesh Chaudhary, Indramaya Gurung, Kamala Pant, Narayankaji Shrestha, Sabina Baram, Mo. Akwal Ahmed Shah, Radheshyam Adhimari, Rajendrakumar Khetan, Hari Rokka, Nima Lama, Shyamsundar Gupta, Mahantha Thakur, Pasang Sherpa (Taplejung)


2013 Constituent Assembly Elections (Total: 601)

Nepali Congress 196, UML 175, Maoist 80, RPP Nepal 24

एनेकपा (माओवादी)
टोप बहादुर रायमाझी-अर्घाखाँची, महेन्द्र बहादुर शाही-कालिकोट, गौरी शंकर चौधरी-कैलाली, डा.बाबुराम भट्टराई-गोर्खा, हितराज पाण्डे-गोर्खा, छम बहादुर गुरुङ-गोर्खा, शक्ति बहादुर बस्नेत-जाजरकोट, सन्त कुमार थारु-बर्दिया, मान बहादुर थारु-बर्दिया, गिरीराज मणी पोखरेल-महोत्तरी, शिव कुमार मण्डल केवट-मोरंग, श्याम कुमार श्रेष्ठ-रामेछाप, गणेशमान पुन-रुकुम, जनार्दन शर्मा-रुकुम, कृष्ण बहादुर महरा-रोल्पा, ओनसरी घर्ती-रोल्पा, प्रभु साह-रौतहट, सत्‍यनारायण भगत विन-रौतहट, मानपुर चौधरी-सप्तरी, अशोक कुमार मंडल-सप्तरी, उमेश कुमार यादब-सप्तरी, शम्भु लाल श्रेष्ठ-सर्लाही, टेक बहादुर वस्नेत-सल्यान, ल्हारक्याल लामा-सिन्धुपाल्चोक, अग्नी प्रसाद सापकोटा-सिन्धुपाल्चोक, हरिवोल प्रसाद गजुरेल-सिन्धुली, पुष्प कमल दाहाल (प्रचण्ड)-सिराहा

नेकपा (एमाले)
भीम बहादुर रावल-अछाम, भरत साउँद-अछाम, डा‍. दुमन सिंह थापा क्षेत्री-अर्घाखाँची, झलनाथ खनाल-इलाम, सुवास चन्द्र नेम्बाङ्ग-इलाम, मंजु कुमारी चौधरी-उदयपुर, यज्ञ राज सुनुवार-ओखलढुंगा, बलराम अधिकारी-कपिलवस्तु, राम हरि सुवेदी-कभ्रेपलान्चोक, विदुर प्रसाद सापकोटा-कभ्रेपलान्चोक, रामेश्‍वर फुयाल-काठमाडौँ, राम वीर मानन्धर-काठमाडौँ, रविन्द्र अधिकारी-कास्की, सिता गिरी (ओली)-कास्की, मोहन सि‌ह राठौर-कैलाली, पाँचकर्ण राई-खोटांग, विशाल भट्टराई-खोटांग, गोकर्ण राज विष्ट-गुल्मी, सुरेन्द्र प्रसाद पाण्डे-चितवन, कृष्ण भक्त पोख्रेल-चितवन, रविन कोइराला-झापा, प्रेम बहादुर गिरी-झापा, दिपक कार्की-झापा, के.पी. शर्मा ओली-झापा, प्रेम बहादुर आले-डोटी, धन बहादुर बुढा-डोल्पा, टुक राज सिग्देल-तनहु, भुपेन्द्र थेबे-ताप्लेजुंग, डम्बरध्वज तुम्बाहाम्फे-ताप्लेजुंग, भवानी प्रसाद खापुङ्ग-तेर्हथुम, गणेश सिंह ठगुन्ना-दार्चुला, अम्मर बहादुर थापा-दैलेख, लक्ष्मी प्रसाद पोखरेल-दैलेख, पार्वत गुरुङ-दोलखा, आनन्द प्रसाद पोखरेल-दोलखा, टिका राम चेम्जोङ्ग लिम्बु-धनकुटा, शत्रुधन महतो-धनुषा, धन बहादुर घले-धादिंग, गुरु प्रसाद बुर्लाकोटी-धादिंग, राजेन्द्र प्रसाद पाण्डे-धादिंग, जीवन श्रेष्ठ-नवलपरासी, कृष्ण प्रसाद पौडेल-नवलपरासी, वैजनाथ चौधरी थारु-नवलपरासी, विकाश लम्साल-पर्बत, विचारी प्रसाद यादव-पर्सा, राज कुमार गुप्‍ता-पर्सा, जय प्रकाश थारु-पर्सा, गणेश कुमार काम्बाङ्ग-पाँचथर, राधाकृष्ण कडेल-पाल्पा, सोम प्रसाद पाण्डे-पाल्पा, बामदेव गौतम-प्युठान, हिरा बहादुर के.सी.-प्युठान, मान प्रसाद खत्री-बझांग, लाल बहादुर रावल-बझांग, श्याम प्रसाद ढकाल-बर्दिया, अमर शर्मा देव राज भार-बाँके, दिनेश चन्द्र यादव-बाँके, दल बहादुर सुनार-बाँके, कर्ण बहादुर थापा-बाजुरा, नजमा खातुन-बारा, बलबीर प्रसाद चौधरी-बारा, पुरुषोत्तम पौडेल-बारा, दामोदर भण्डारी-बैतडी, कृपासुर शेर्पा-भोजपुर, शेरधन राई-भोजपुर, सुभास चन्द्र शाह ठकुरी-मकवानपुर, अनन्त प्रसाद पौडेल-मकवानपुर, राजराम स्याङतान-मकवानपुर, मोहन बानियाँ-मुगु, ऋषिकेश पोखरेल-मोरंग, चण्डि प्रसाद राई-मोरंग, चन्द्र बहादुर गुरुङ्ग-मोरंग, नबराज शर्मा-म्याग्दी, जनार्दन ढकाल-रसुवा, विष्णु प्रसाद पौडेल-रुपन्देही, लालबाबु यादव-रौतहट, माधव कुमार नेपाल-रौतहट, राम कुमार भट‍्टराई-रौतहट, जमिन्द्रमान घले-लम्जुंग, तारा कान्त चौधरी-सप्तरी, हरि प्रसाद उप्रेती-सर्लाही, प्रकाश ज्वाला-सल्यान, शेर बहादुर तामाङ्ग-सिन्धुपाल्चोक, गणेश कुमार पहाडी-सिन्धुली, रामचन्द्र यादव-सिराहा, कृष्ण कुमार राई-सुनसरी, रेवती रमण भण्डारी-सुनसरी, भिम प्रसाद आचार्य-सुनसरी, मुक्ति प्रसाद पाठक-स्यांग्जा

नेपाली काँग्रेस
नगेन्द्र कुमार कुमाल-इलाम, केशव थापा-इलाम, डा. नारायण खड्का-उदयपुर, नारायण बहादुर कार्की-उदयपुर, राम हरी खतिवडा-ओखलढुंगा, दिवान सिंह विष्ट-कंचनपुर, नारायण प्रकाश साउद-कंचनपुर, बहादुर सिंह थापा-कंचनपुर, रमेश लेखक-कंचनपुर, सुरेन्द्र राज आचार्य-कपिलवस्तु, तिर्थ बहादुर लामा-कभ्रेपलान्चोक, कन्‍चन चन्‍द्र बादे-कभ्रेपलान्चोक, प्रकाश मान सिंह-काठमाडौँ, दिपक प्रसाद कुइकेल-काठमाडौँ, गगन कुमार थापा-काठमाडौँ, नरहरि आचार्य-काठमाडौँ, भिमसेन दास प्रधान-काठमाडौँ, नविन्द्र राज जोशी-काठमाडौँ, ध्यान गोविन्द रंजित-काठमाडौँ, राजेन्द्र कुमार के.सी-काठमाडौँ, यज्ञ बहादुर थापा-कास्की, शारदा पौडेल-कास्की, दिर्घ राज भाट-कैलाली, पुस्करनाथ अाेझा-कैलाली, कृष्ण बहादुर छन्तेल थापा-गुल्मी, चन्द्र कान्त भण्डारी-गुल्मी, शेष नाथ अधिकारी-चितवन, राम कृष्ण घिमिरे-चितवन, राजीव विक्रम शाह-जाजरकोट, ललित जंग शाही-जुम्ला, सुधिर कुमार सिवाकोटी-झापा, कृष्ण प्रसाद सिटौला-झापा, केशब कुमार बुढाथोकी-झापा, शेर बहादुर देउबा-डडेल्धुरा, विर बहादुर वलायर-डोटी, शंकर भण्डारी-तनहु, रामचन्द्र पौडेल-तनहु, पार्वता डि.सी. चौधरी-दाङ देउखुरी, शुशिला चौधरी-दाङ देउखुरी, राजु खनाल-दाङ देउखुरी, वुद्धिराम भण्डारी-दाङ देउखुरी, दीपक गिरी-दाङ देउखुरी, दिनेश प्रसाद परसैला यादव-धनुषा, राम कृष्ण यादव-धनुषा, विमलेन्द्र निधि-धनुषा, प्रा.डा.चन्द्र मोहन यादव-धनुषा, प्रेम किसोर प्रसाद साह तेली-धनुषा, शशांक कोइराला-नवलपरासी, विक्रम खनाल-नवलपरासी, देवकरण प्रसाद कलवार-नवलपरासी, अर्जुन नरसिं के.सी.-नुवाकोट, डा.रामशरण महत-नुवाकोट, बहादुर सिंह लामा(तामाङ)-नुवाकोट, अर्जुन प्रसाद जोशी-पर्बत, राजेन्द्र अमात्य-पर्सा, सुरेन्द्र प्रसाद चौधरी-पर्सा, भीष्म राज आङदेम्बे-पाँचथर, हरि प्रसाद नेपाल-पाल्पा, संजय कुमार गौतम-बर्दिया, शुसिल कोइराला-बाँके, चम्पा देबी खड्का-बाग्लुंग, प्रकाश शर्मा पौडेल-बाग्लुंग, ज्ञान कुमारी छन्त्याल-बाग्लुंग, रामअयोध्या प्रसाद यादव-बारा, राधे चन्द्र यादव-बारा, फरमुल्लाह मंसुर-बारा, नर बहादुर चन्द-बैतडी, रामेश्‍वर प्रसाद ढुङ्गेल-भक्तपुर, इन्द्र बहादुर वानिया-मकवानपुर, टेक बहादुर गुरुङ-मनांग, किरण यादव-महोत्तरी, सिताराम भण्डारी-महोत्तरी, रोमी गौचन थकाली-मुस्तांग, दिलिप खवास गच्छदार-मोरंग, अमृत कुमार अर्याल-मोरंग, महेश आचार्य-मोरंग, डा. शेखर कोईराला-मोरंग, डिग बहादुर लिम्बु-मोरंग, आङटावा शेर्पा-रामेछाप, अब्दुल रज्जाक गद्दी-रुपन्देही, वाल कृष्ण खा‌ड-रुपन्देही, भरत कुमार शाह-रुपन्देही, सुनील कुमार यादव-रौतहट, चन्द्र बहादुर कुँवर-लम्जुंग, उदय शम्शेर जवरा-ललितपुर, चन्द्र महर्जन-ललितपुर, मदन बहादुर अमात्य-ललितपुर, तारा मान गुरुङ्ग-संखुवासभा, दिपक खड्का-संखुवासभा, तेजु लाल चौधरी-सप्तरी, सुरेन्द्र प्रसाद यादव-सप्तरी, राम चन्द्र चौधरी-सर्लाही, अमरेश कुमार सिंह-सर्लाही, मोहन वहादुर वस्नेत-सिन्धुपाल्चोक, मोहन प्रसाद वराल-सिन्धुली, पद्मम नारायण चौधरी-सिराहा, सिता देवी यादव-सिराहा, राम चन्द्र यादव-सिराहा, गणेश कुमार मण्डल-सिराहा, सिताराम महतो-सुनसरी, पूर्ण बहादुर खड्का-सुर्खेत, ह्रदयराम थानी-सुर्खेत, तप्त बहादुर विष्ट-सुर्खेत, बल बहादुर के.सी-सोलुखुम्बु, राजु थापा-स्यांग्जा, कमल प्रसाद पंगेनी-स्यांग्जा, जीवन वहादुर शाही-हुम्ला

नेमकिपा: नारायण मान बिजुक्छे-भक्तपुर

नेकपा (माले)
राम दयाल मण्डल-महोत्तरी, दिप नारायण साह-महोत्तरी

तमलोपा
बृजेश कुमार गुप्‍ता-कपिलवस्तु, सर्वेन्द्र नाथ शुक्ला-रुपन्देही, कमलेश्‍वर पूरी गोस्वामी-रुपन्देही, जंगि लाल राय-सर्लाही

तमसपा
महेन्द्र राय यादव-सर्लाही

फोरम, (लोकतान्त्रिक)
अभिषेश प्रताप शाह-कपिलवस्तु, जनक राज चौधरी-कैलाली, राम जनम चौधरी-कैलाली, मो. मुस्ताक आलम-रौतहट, विजय कुमार गच्छदार-सुनसरी

फोरम, नेपाल
उपेन्द्र यादव-सुनसरी

राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी
बिक्रम पाण्डे-चितवन, सुनिल बहादुर थापा-धनकुटा, दिपक वोहरा-रुपन्देही

सद्भावना पार्टी
संजय कुमार साह-धनुषा

स्वतन्त्र
अतहर कमाल मुसलमान-कपिलवस्तु
चन्‍देश्‍वर झा-महोत्तरी




मनाेनित
श्याम कुमार श्रेष्ठ-कभ्रेपलान्चोक, मिरा पाेखरेल ध्वजु-काठमाडौँ, राजन भट्टराइ-काठमाडौँ, राधेश्याम अधिकारी-काठमाडौँ, गिता वाग्ले-चितवन, अग्नि प्रसाद खरेल-झापा, नरेश खरेल-झापा, जनकराज जाेशी-तनहु, उदय नेपाली श्रेष्ठ-धनकुटा, राममाया बाेगटी-नुवाकोट, अनिल कुमार रूंगटा-पर्सा, जनक बहादुर बुढा-बझांग, पेम्बा गुरूङ्ग भाेटे-बाजुरा, गणेश थापा-मकवानपुर, गंगादेवी डाँगी-मोरंग, पर्तमान धिमाल-मोरंग, पुष्कर अाचार्य-मोरंग, रेशम बहादुर बानिया-म्याग्दी, शिव बहादुर खड्का-रामेछाप, उमेश श्रेष्ठ-ललितपुर, सकलदेव सुतिहार-सप्तरी, सुर्यदेव दास उराव-सुनसरी

http://www.can.gov.np/np/ca-members/list-of-ca-members.html



National Assembly (2018- )
House Tenure: Permanent (according to the Constitution of 2015)
Member's tenure: 6 years (first time tenure of each 1/3 members are 2, 4 & 6 years)
Total members: 59 (8*7states + 3 nominated)
Elected (2018 Feb 7) : CPN.UML 27, NC 13, CPN.M 12, SSF 2, RJP 2
UML & CPNM merged on 2018 Jun 18 to form NCP 39

Chair person: Ganesh Prasad Timilsina (NCP, since 2018 Mar 15)
Vice Chair: Shashikala Dahal (NCP, since 2018 Mar 18)

State 1:-
Open: Parshuram Meghi Gurung (UML), Haricharan Shiwakoti(UML), Rameshjung Rayamajhi(NC)
Women: Nainakala Ojha (UML), Bina Pokharel (CPNM), Sarita Prasai (NC)
Dalit: खेमराज नेपाली (UML ), Disabled/Minority: अगमप्रसाद बान्तवा (UML)

State 2:-
Open: Jitenra Dev (NC), Ramesh Prasad Yadav (RJPN), Sumanraj Pyakurel (UML)
Women: Shashikala Dahal (CPNM), Muktakumari Yadav (NC), Pramila Kumari (SSFN)
Dalit: Ramprit Paswan (SSFN),  Disabled/Minority: Brijeshchandra Lal (RJPN)

State 3:-
Open: Ram Bahadur Thapa Badal (CPNM), Balram Baskota (UML), Radheshyam Adhikari (NC)
Women: Parvati Rawal (UML), Udaya Sharma (UML), Dhana Khatiwoda (NC)
Dalit: सिंहबहादुर विश्वकर्मा (UML), Disabled/Minority: Ramchandra Rai Danuwar (UML)

State 4:-
Open: Ganesh Timilsina (UML), Dinanath Sharma (CPNM), Surendra Raj Pandey (NC)
Women: Shanti Adhikari(UML), Dipa Gurung(UML), Brinda RanaMagar (NC)
Dalit: खिबहादुर विक (CPNM), Disabled/Minority: Prakash Pant (NC)

State 5:-
Open: Khimlal Bhattarai(UML), Chandra Bahadur Khadka (CPNM), Durga P Upadhaya (NC)
Women: Komal Oli (UML), Mina Budha (UML), Anita Devkota (NC)
Dalit: Ramlakhan Harijan (UML) , Disabled/Minority: Raj Kumar Kunwar(CPNM)

State 6:-
Open: Bhairab Sundar Shreatha(UML), Thagendra Puri(UML), Kali B Malla(CPNM)
Women: Kabita Bogati (UML), Nanda Sharma(UML), Yutul Lama(CPNM)
Dalit quota: नरपति लुवार (UML), Disabled/Minority: जीवन बुढा(CPNM)

State 7:-
Open: Sher B Kunwan (UML), Hariram Chaudhari (CPNM), Badri Pandey (NC)
Women: Taradevi Joshi (NC), Kamala Oli (UML), Indu Kadariya (UML)
Dalit: चक्रप्रसाद स्नेही (UML), Disabled/Minority: महेशकुमार महरा(CPNM)

Nominated:
Youbraj Khatiwoda (NRB ex governor, close to UML), 
Ramnarayan Bidari (member of 2nd Constituent Assembly from CPN MC) 
Bimala Paudel (ex member of national planning commission, close to UML)

-------------------------
2018 Feb 9: going out Deuba Government decided to nominate following 3 members for Rastriya Sabha and sent to the president for the approval: कृष्णप्रसाद पौडेल, गोपाल बस्नेत र चाँदनी जोशी. (link)
2018 Feb 20: Youbraj Khatiwoda, Ramnarayan Bidari and Bimala Paudel became National Assembly members as nominated by the new Oli government and approved the the president. (li)
2018 Feb 25: Supreme Court has given order not to administer oath of 3 newly nominated Rastriya Sabha members for now and ask govt's clarification about nomination. Oath was due for March 4. 
2018 Feb 4: 56 elected members of rastriya sabha took oath of office. Also house of representative members took oath. 
2018 Mar 7: Supreme court canceled its interim stay order of 3 nominated members. Now new nominated members can take oath. 
2018 May 16: CPN UML and CPN Maoist merged to form CPN which has now total 39/69 members. Including 3 nominated by govt CPN has now 2/3 majority in the upper house.

2018 Jun 18: terms of 59 members of National Assembly (upper house) decided through lucky draw. Constitution has provisioned the National Assembly to be a continuous institution for which 1/3 members gets replaced in every two years. For that for the first time 2,4 & 6 year term was to be decided by lucky draw for each 1/2 members. (li)

Six Years: Ramesh Jung Rayamajhi, Jitendra Narayan Dev, Ram Bahadur Thapa, Ganesh Prasad Timilsina, Khimlal Bhattarai, Bhairab Sundar Shrestha, Hariram Chaudhary, Bina Pokharel, Pramila Kumari, Dil Kumari Rawal, Deepa Gurung, Anita Devkota, Nanda Chhapai, Indu Kadariya, Narpati Lohar, Singha Bahadur Bishwokarma, Prakash Pantha, Mahesh Kumar Mahara, Ram Chandra Rai and Bimala Rai Poudel .

Four Years: Parasguram Meghi Gurung, Suman Raj Pyakurel, Radheshyam Adhikari, Dinanath Sharma, Chandra Bahadur Khadka, Khagendra Prasad Puri, Sher Bahadur Kunwar, Ram Narayan Bidari, Nainkala Ojha, Shahikala Dahal, Udaya Sharma Poudel, Shanti Kumari Adhikari, Komal Oli, Kabita Bogati, Taradevi Bhatta, Khim Kumar BK, Chakra Snehi, Ram lakhan Chamar, Jeevan Budha and Agam Bantawa.

Two Years: Haricharan Shiwakoti, Ramesh Prasad Yadav, Balram Prasad Banskota, Surendra Raj Pandey, Durga Prasad Upadhyay, Kali Bahadur Malla, Badri Prasad Pandey, Yubraj Khatiwada, Sarita Prasain, Mukta Kumari Yadav, Dhan Kumari Khatiwada, Binda Devi Ale, Mina Budha, Yutal Tamang, Kamala Kumari Oli, Khemraj Nepali, Ramprit Paswan, Raj Kumar Kunwar and Brishesh Chandralal.

National Assembly 1990-2007

Start Date: 1991 June 26 (Constitution of Nepal 1990)
End date:  2007 January 15 (Interim Constitution of Nepal)
House tenure: Permanent. Legally ended by the Interim Constitution of 2007.
Member's tenure: 6 years (first time: 2, 4, 6 years)
Total Members: 60 (35 elected from parliament, 15 from 5 regions & 10 nominated by the King)

List of members 
Chairman (from 1999): Dr. Mohammad Mohsin (मोहम्मद मोहसिन)
Opposition Leader: Madhab Kumar Nepal (माधब कुमार नेपाल) (UML)
Jagdish Shamsher JBR (जगदीशशम्शेर जबरा) (NC) (1993)
Durga Kesar Khanal (NC) (BS2048)

tages: नेपालको पुरानो राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्यहरु, national assembly nepal
Tags: निर्बाचन क्षेत्र ईतिहाँस इतिहास, Samsad
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Disease (Rog, रोग) in English & Nepali

January 5, 2018, 10:27 am
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This is the list of various Disease (रोग) in English and Nepali.

Rog (रोग) = Disease

Skeletal related (Haad jorni / हाड जोर्नी)
Bath (बाथ) = Arthritis
Osteoporosis (Haddi kamjor hune / हड्डी कमजोर हुने)

Neurological (Snayu / स्नायु सम्बन्धि )
CerebroVascular Accident (CVA) / Stroke (स्ट्रोक)
Parkinsons's (बिर्सिने रोग)
Alzheimer's (बिर्सिने रोग)
Parkinson's (बिर्सिने रोग)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Head / Spinal Cord injury
Vision Impairment (Aankha nadekhnu)

Cardio related (Mutu / मुटु सम्बन्धि )
Uchcha Raktachap (उच्च रक्तचाप) = Hypertension/ high blood pressure
Myocardial Infraction (MI) / Heart Attack (हृदयघात)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Urine system (Mutra pranali / मुत्र प्रणाली )
Mutra-thaili Samkraman (मुत्र-थैली सक्रंमण) = Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Urine Incontinence (Pisab narokine)

Digestive system (Pachan pranali / पाचन प्रणाली)
Fecal Incontinence (Disa na-thamine)
Kabjiyat (कब्जियत) = Constipation
Gastric (ग्यास्ट्रिक) = Acid Reflux, Gastritis (stomach inflammation), Peptic Ulcer
Chher-Paati (छेरपाटी) = Diarrhea
Haija (हैजा )= Cholera

Endocrine / Glandular (Granthi / ग्रन्थि प्रणाली )
Madhumeha (मधुमेह) / Chini (Suger) Rog (चिनी रोग) = Diabetes
Thyroid  (थाई राईड) = Thyroid Disorders

Respiratory illness (Swasprashwash, स्वशप्रश्वाश) 
Dum (दम) = Asthma
Nimoniya (निमोनिया) = Pneumonia
Bronkaitis (ब्रोंकाइटिस) = Chronic Bronchitis
Lahare Khoki (लहरे खोकी )= Whooping Cough, Pertussis (Respiratory tract infection)
Swasnali Sankraman (स्वशनली संक्रमण) = Respiratory tract infection
COPD

Skin related (Chhala, छाला)
Pilo (पिलो)= Boils
Theula (ठेउला)= Chicken pox
Musa (मुसा) = Skin Tag
Daad (दाद )= Eczema
Dandi-phor (डन्डी फोर) = Acne / pimples
Dadura (दादुरा )= Measles
Kor (कोर) / Kushta Rog (कुष्ट रोग )= Leprosy
Luto (लुतो)= Scabies / Sarcoptic mange


Other
HIV/ AIDS (एच.आई.भी. / एड्स)
Bhiringi (भिरिंगी) = Syphilis
Arbud rog (अर्बुद रोग) = Cancer
Aulo (औंलो) = Malaria
Chhare Rog (छारे रोग) / Mirgi (मिर्गी) = Epilepsy
Kamla-pitta (कमलपित्त )= Jaundice
Tb (टीबी ) = Tuberculosis
Rakta Alpata (रक्त अल्पता) = Anemia
Cholesterol (कोलोस्ट्रोल)
Pinaas (पिनास) = Sinusitis, Sinus

general medical conditions / Symptoms (साधारण लक्षणहरु)
Jwaro (ज्वरो) = Fever
Tauko Dukhnu (टाउको दुख्नु) = Headache
Khoki (खोकी)= Cough
Wantaa (वान्ता) = Vomit


Rugha (रुघा) = Cold/ Common Cold

Tags: Nepali english translation, what is the meaning of, in english,  list of medical words and nepalese translation, hindi, urdu, bhojpuri, maithili, abadhi, marathi, sanskrit
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Search

Tharu People

April 14, 2015, 12:42 am
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Tharu (थारु) are the indigenous people native to Terai plains of Nepal. According to 2011 census their population is about 1.7 million which is 6.6% of total population of Nepal. Western terai districts like Bardiya & Kailali have highest density of tharu population which is 52.6% and 43.7% respectively.


Tharu people speak several different Tharuhati (थरुहटी) languages and dialects. Dangaura, Kathoriya, Rana, Buksa, Sonha, Dangauru. Chitwania, Kochila languages are generally considered as languages or dialects native to Tharu people. Due to close proximity to the Madheshi communities, many Tharus also speak variations of  Awadhi, Maithili, and Bhojpuri languages. Majority of Tharu people can also speak Nepali language. According to the 2001 Census, 87.63% of the Tharu people are Hindus.

Tharu vs Madheshi
Many Madheshi people generally used to regard Tharu people as one of the Madheshi ethincity until the new wave of tharuhat agitation occured after 2007/2008 Madhesh agitation. Now Tharu community is generally accepted as distinct community even by madheshi. The core madhesh lies in state-2 where as the core tharuhat/tharuwan lies in state-5. Tharu Kalyankarini Sabha, Tharuhat Terai party are some polities entities working for independent identity and rights of Tharu people.

Tharu as a community
Many Tharu activists argue that Tharu is a community rather than just being a race. Several tharuhati languages are so much different from each other that one tharuhati speaker may not understand another tharuhati speaker. Similarly some Tharu races claim different origin than other Tharus. For example  Rana Tharu claim Rajput origin. Following are some major tharu races:-

* Rana Tharu (Kailali and Kanchanpur districts)
* Kathoriya Tharu (Kailali )
* Dangaura Tharu (Dang-Deukhuri, Banke, Bardia, Kailali and Kanchanpur)
* Kochila Tharu (Saptari, Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Sarlahi, Mahottari and Udayapur)
* Sonha Tharu (Surkhet)
* Paschuhan Tharu (Rupandehi, Nawalparasi)
* Purbaha Tharu (Rupandehi, Kapilvastu)
* Rautar Tharu (Rupandehi, Nawalparasi)
* Aarkutwa or Chitwania Tharu (Chitwan, Sindhuli and Nawalparasi)
* Danuwar (Udayapur, Saptari and Morang)
* Lamputchwa Tharu (Morang)

Tharu as Janjati 
Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) has included Tharus in the list of Janajati. Other Terai races like Tajpuriya, Dhimial, Meche, Rajbanshi & Santhal are also in the list.

List of popular Tharu Surnames:-

Tharu
Chaudhary (some)
Dagaura
Gachchhadar
Lekhi
Dahit
Tharuni
Kusmi

According to थारु जातिक उत्पत्तिक इतिहास ओ चिनारी by Devnarayan Chaudhari, Tharu people have following sub-case or surnames. (taken from Tharu community page)

1. सत्गौंवा, 2. दहित (गंरदग्गा, पुछकटवा, घण्टहि, कैंयौं, हांथीपुज्वा, ग्वाल्वंशी, सोङ्गद्दि, कग्पुज्वा)
3. कुशुमियाहाँ (काशी कुशुमियाहाँ, कर्दा, ग्वालावंशी, ठाकुर, सादा, थप्नहवा, लल्दरियाँ, राजपुत,
राजवंशी, चिकना, बैदवा,भेद्या, कोचिला, झर्रा, पलपल, बपुरिया, भलवा, जोगी)
4. उलटहवा (बौखहि, बखरिया, घण्टही) 5. रत्गैंया
6. बड़गैंया 7. धमलहवा 8. मधुवा 9. नुनहवा 10. फुन्नहवा
11. धारकटुवा 12. कठकटुवा 13. गमुवा 14. पछलदंगिया 15. कुमाल
16. डेमनरौरा 17. सोनगद्दी 18. चिलरहवा 19. जोगी 20. नोनबोक्वा
21. कोचिला 22. सप्तरिया 23. मोरंगिया 24. भटगमिया 25. रजहरिया
26. रौतार 27. चितवनिया 28. राना 29. लमपुछवा 30. खरदर
31. हलझरिया 32. मझरिया 33. केवारी 34. नवलपुरिया 35. खौसिआ
36. महौतो 37. मर्दनियाँ 38. बाँठा 39. सुनाहा 40. खुनाहा
41. राजी 42. राजहटीया 43. कहरिया 44. गड़बरिया 45. अरकटुवा
46. बोक्सा 47. खवास 48. खोट्टा 49. लालपुरिया 50. सोलरिया
51. मझाौरा 52. कुचबिहारी 53. खश 54. राउट 55. राव
56. राय 57. खाँ 58. पंजियार 59. भुमकिहवा 60. बिश्वाश
61. बाछार 62. बंतार 63. भगत 64. महन्त 65. सरदार
66. हेमजलिया 67. नरसिंह 68. गररिया 69. करिया 70. घुघु
71. घुरवा 72. नमकोलिया 73. लोहटीवा 74. चढ़रैन 75. भगोरिया
76. चुकाहा 77. टेर्रा 78. ढुकरपुजवा 79. सोनपुरिया 80. गुरुवा
81. कठगुरुवा 82. गुनगुनी 83. सुखरिया 84. भेड़वा 85. हरचव्वा
86. अग्रहवा 87. भंगी 88. जिनगुनी 89. गच्छदार 90. गुरिहवा
91. गाइजिहा 92. हरगुगवा 93. जोगथेवा 94. अहीर 95. हरदिउला
96. कुर्मी 97. थोटैली 98. गुन्नी 99. गमना 100. चमार
101. कुकुरपुजवा 102. करियामघरिया 103. लामा 104. जुत्तहि 105. कठरिया
106. कटकीहा 107. ढकेहर

Tharu Population - 2001 Census of Nepal

Core Tharu belt: Dang 31.86%, Banke 16.42%, Bardiya 52.6%, Kailali  43.7%, Kanchanpur 23.33%
Core belt population: 7,69,624 (34.58%)

Terai: 14,84,073 (13.3%)
Nepal:  17,37,470 (6.75%)

Festivals

Since majority of Tharu people believe in Hinduism most of them observe "Nepali Hindu Festivales" like Dashain, Tihar, Holi etc. There are also some festivals which are native to Tharu people only. These are:-
  • Maghi (माघी) : is the most important festival of Tharu people. It is observed in first day of month of 'Magh' according to Nepali calendar. This is also the first day of Tharu new year.
  • Atwari (अट्वारी) is observed by Tharu males taking fast in second Sunday after Ashtimki.
  • Jitiya (जितिया पर्व): observed by tharu women. 
  • Chirai (चिरै) : is observed in Kailali district.
  • Ashtimki (अष्टीम्की) : is observed in day of Krishna Janma Asthami.
  • Dashya (डश्या) : celebration of bada-dashain by tharu community.
  • Gurahi (गुरही) : celebrated at naag-panchami.
  • Bhitiya-Gauwar (भितिया गौवर): observed by tharu ladies of Nawalparasi, kapilvastu, rupandehi districts of state no 5.
Notable Tharu People
  1. Raj Kumar Lekhi, Tharu Leader
  2. Gopal Dahit, Tharu Leader
  3. Bijaya Kumar Gachchhadar, Madheshi-Tharu Leader, Ex.Diputy Prime Minsiter
  4. Bhanuram Chaudary, Leader, Tharuhat Terai Party
  5. Shivani Singh Tharu, Model & TV personality
  6. Mira Chaudhari, S.P. of Nepal Police
References
  1. http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=63530
  2. http://tharucommunity.com/
  3. https://www.facebook.com/tharucommunity?fref=ts
  4. http://tharuculture.blogspot.com/
Tags:- Tharuhat ( थरुहट), Tharuwan (थारुवान)
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    Timeline of proposed federal structures

    April 21, 2015, 11:09 pm
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    This is the timeline list of proposed federal structures of Nepal before the constitution was promulgated in 2015. See also:-

    Timeline of the new Constitution of Nepal 2072 B.S.
    Timeline of Nepali Civil War (1996-2006)
    Historical administrative division of Nepal
    New federal structure of Nepal

    Official Map of Administrative divisions of Nepal by
    Government of Nepal, Survey Department (karma99.com)

    2018 Feb 1-5: first meeting of all 7 states held in their respective states. 

    2017 Nov 26 & Dec 7: provincial election held for the first time in Nepal in all 7 provinces.

    2015 Sep 20 Sun (Ashoj 3, 2072 BS): President Dr. Ram Baran Yadav promulgated the Constitution of Nepal in the last meeting of Constituent Assembly. 

    2015 Sep 16 Wed (Bhadau 30, 2072 B.S.): Nepal's Constitution 2072 B.S. endorsed by the constituent assembly meeting by 2/3 majority

    2015 Aug 21: After several protests in two weeks 3 major political parties (Congress, UML & Maoist) now agree on a new 7 states model. Three parties have combined 451 (75%) seats in Constituent assembly. 4th party from earlier agreement (Forum-democratic) opposed the agreement.

    Karma99: Map of 7 states of Nepal


    The 6th state from the earlier "6-state model" is divided into two creating new 6th and 7th state. Salyan district from earlier 5th state is given to new state-6. One village (thori) from parsa district in state-2 is given to state-3.
    ---
    Many regional organizations and parties protested against earlier proposed 6 states model demanding:-
    - Akhanda Sudur-paschim (undivided far-west region)
    - Akhanda Madhya-paschim (undivided mid-west region)
    - Tharuhat Pradesh (from Nawalparasi to Kanchanpur excluding hill districts)
    - Karnali pradesh (including present Karnali zone)
    - Akhanda Baglung district (not to divide present baglung district)

    2015 Aug 8: Four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist and Forum-Democratic) agreed on a new 6 states model. All new 6 states will have boundary with India. 4 states (except 2 Lumbini & Madhesh) will have boundary with China as well.

    Aug 8, 2015: 6 states of Nepal initially agreed among major parties

    2015 June 9 : 16-points agreement between four major political parties (Congress, UML, Maoist and Forum-Democratic). They also agreed on 8 state model. But boundaries are not finalized. Maoist led 30-party alliance split.

    2015 Apr 25 : Earthquake in Nepal

    2014 Oct 27: CPN-UML proposes 4 states model. Each states will consists hills and terai regions. The proposed four states are: Eastern, Central, Gandak & Karnali. (Link) Later other leaders of UML criticized this idea. UML officially supports Congress 6 or 7 states model. (Link)

    2014 Oct 12: Nepali Congress proposed two model of six- or seven-states (Link)
    6 & 7 states by Congress (source: ekantipur.com)


    2014 Aug 3-4 : Indian PM Narendra Modi visited Nepal

    2013 Nov 19 (2070 Mangsir 4): Election of 2nd Constituent Assembly

    2012 Apr 28 : UML presented the new proposal to federate the country into 12 states. (Link)

    2012 Jan 19 : State Reconstruction Commission proposes two separate federal structures, one with 11 states (including one non territorial state) and another with 6 states. (link) Among 9 members of commission 6 members (Malla K Sundar, Stella Tamang from Maoist, Prof Dr Krishna Hachhethu, Surendra Mahato from Madheshi morcha, Bhogendra Jha from UML & co-ordinator Madan Pariyar) proposed 11-state model and 3 members (Ramesh Dhungel & Sabitri Gurung from NC and Sarbraj Khadka from UML) proposed 6states model. (link) (link) (link)
    10+1 states by SRC
    10+1 and 6 states by SRC

    2011 Nov 22: Baburam Bhattarai Government decided to from State Reconstruction Commission according to Article 138 of internal constitution of Nepal. It has given 2 months to give report.

    2010 Jan 20: State Reconstruction Committee of CA passes federal structure of 14 states supported by UCPNM and UML. 14 proposed states and map are as follows:-

    East hills: Limbuwan, Kirat, Sherpa, Sunkoshi,
    Central hills: Newa, Tamsaling,
    West hills: Narayani, Tamuwan, Magarat, Jadan, Karnali, Khaptad,
    Terai: Mithila-Bhojpura-Koch-Madhesh, Lumbini-Awadh-Tharuwan.

    Proposed federal structure of Nepal
    by CA- Stare Reconstruction Committee 2010

    2008 May 28: First Constituent Assembly (CA) meeting declares Nepal to be federal democratic republic by 560-4 votes. (1, 2)

    2008 Apr 10 : First Constituent Assembly election. CPN Maoist, Nepali Congress, CPN-UML & MJF became 1st,2nd,3rd & 4th party respectively.

    2008 Feb 28 : 8-point agreement (८ बुँदे सहमति)  between Government and "Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha" including MJF, TMLP, Sadbhawana Party (Agreed on Nepal to be Federal democratic republic and there will be autonomous Madhesh state).

    2007 Aug 30: 22-point agreement between government and MJF

    2007 Jan 16 : Madhesh uprising started led by Madheshi Janadhikar Forum (MJF)

    2007 Jan 15 : Interim constitution of Nepal 2007 issued.

    2006 Apr 24 : '19 days-Democracy movement of Nepal' ended, King re-instated the old parliament.

    2002 Feb 28: Dr. Harka Gurung suggests "25-district New Nepal" as a new approach for decentralization.

    Karma99.com - Screenshot of Dr Hark Gurung's article on
    Himal Khabarpatrika 2002 Feb
    Various Provincial Demands & Data (2011 Census)

    West Tharuhat: 8 westernmost terai districts (Nawalparasi, Rupendehi, Kapilvastu, Dang, Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur) population:48,03,069 - Tharu: 24.1%

    East Tharuhat: 6 eastern districts (Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha, Udayapur)
    Population: 41,35,656 - Tharu: 6.9%

    Akhanda Sudur Paschim population: 25,52,517 √  State no 7

    Limbuwan: 9 districts east of Arun-Koshi river (Jhapa, Morang, Sunsasri, Ilam, Panchthar, Taplejung, Dhankuta, Terhathum & Sankhuwasabha) population: 35,74,770 - Limbu 10.2%

    Newa: (Kathmandu valley) population: 25,17,023 - Newar 26.9%

    Samagra Madhesh Ek Swayetta Pradesh (All Madhesh One Province) and United Tharuhat
    Total population of terai : 1,33,18,705 (50.27 % of Nepal) - Tharu 12.5%

    Other Links
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    Timeline of the Unification of Nepal (1744-1806)

    July 10, 2015, 1:26 am
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    Present day Nepal was divided into over 52 small states before the unification. The Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723-1775) established the base of Nepal as a united country from his small Gorkha Kingdom. After him, wife of his first son Queen Rajendra Laxmi, his second son Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar (premier) Bhimsen Thapa further extended the border of Nepal all the way to Bhutan to the east and Punjab to the west.

    Kingdoms before Nepal was united (list)
    Central & east: Kathmandu, Patan, Bhadgaun, Makwanpur, Chaudandi, Vijayapur, Ilam
    West: 24s principalities & 22 principalities
    Kingdoms outside present boundary of Nepal: Sikkim, Kumaun, Garhwal

    1723 Jan : Birth of the Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah

    1743 Sep 25: ascended to the throne of Kingdom of Gorkha. Boundary of Gorkha were Trisuli River in the east bordering Nepal, Marsyangdi River in the west bordering Lamjung Kingdom and Tibet in the North.

    1744 : First attack on Nuwakot, failed.

    After that he visited Kashi (Benaras), Changed his gotra from Bhardwaj to Kashyap, Studied political and economic condition of East India Company and brought war weapons from there.

    Then he made peace alliance with Kingdom of Lamjung, the traditional enemy of Gorkha. Also made agreements with Kaski, Tanahun and Palpa.

    1744 Sep 26 : Second Attack on Nuwakot and Conquered.

    Then attacked Belokot and conquered.

    Then he took possession of all strategic points in the hills surrounding the Kathmandu Valley including Naddum, Mahadev Pokhari, Dahachowk, Ippa, Malta, Siranchowk, etc.

    Lamjung with other small chaubisi kingdoms attacked Gorkha but defeated.

    He called the King of Tanahun to the bank of Trishuli for friendship meeting and captured. So, Kingdom of Tanahun also annexed to the Gorkha.

    1756 : Occupation of the Kuti Pass, stopped the Kathmandu's trade with Tibet.

    1757 Dec 4 : First attack on Kirtipur but defeated, General 'Kalu Pandey' killed

    1762 Aug 21 : Attacked on Makwanpur and conquered.

    1763: Defeated of the Muslim forces of Mir Kasim, King of Bengal who had came to help Makwanpur by the request of King Digbandhan Sen.

    1764 Sep 16 : Second attack on Kirtupur again defeated

    1766 Mar 17 :Third attack on Kirtipur and conquered

    1767 : Defeated British forces on the command of Captain Kinloch who had come to help Kathmandu.

    1768 Sep 26: Attacked and conquered Kantipur (Kathmandu).

    1768 Oct 6 : Attacked and conquered Patan (Lalitpur).

    1769 Nov 12 : Attacked and conquered Bhadgaun (Bhaktapur).

    1773 : Conquered Chaudandi Kingdom [Udayapur fort]. Last King Karna Sen fled to Bijayapur.

    1774: Conquered Vijayapur Kingdom which effectively controlled most parts of eastern Nepal (state no 1). Ilam was conquered later in 1789.

    1775 Jan 11 : Great King Prithvi Narayan Shah died at the age of 52. By then the area of Nepal was almost half of today covering all eastern and central region and parts of western region of today.

    1775 Jan 12 : His son Pratap Singh Shah ascended to the throne. But died early on 1777 Nov 17.

    1777 Nov 17 : 2 and half years old son of Pratap Singh 'Rana Bahadur Shah' became King. His mother Queen Rajendra Rajya Laxmi Devi ruled on his name until 1785 July 13.

    1779 : Attacked and conquered Tanahun.

    1781 : Palpa attacked Gorkha with the help of Chaubisi forces but defeated again.

    1782 : Lamjung and Tanahun annexed to Nepal.

    1784 July : Attacked Parbat and conquered.

    After that Bhirkot, Rishing Satahun, Garahun, Dhor, Paiya and Charikot were annexed to Nepal

    1785 July : Bahadur Shah became regent to the baby king after Queen Rajendra Laxmi died.

    He married the daughter of King of Palpa Mahadatta Sen and had friendly relationship.

    Then he invaded Gulmi, Khanchi, Dhurkot, Kushma and Baglung, Piuthan, Dang, Jajarkot, Musikot, Dailekh, Achham and Doti one after another. By 1790 A.D. the western border of Nepal reached up to the Mahakali river, the present day border.

    1789 : conquered Illam and Sikkim.

    1791 : conquered Kumaun and Garhwal. Garhwal became the tributary state of Nepal.

    1790 - 91: Nepal attacked and conquered Tibet

    1792-93 : China attacked Nepal in support of Tibet. Nepal forced back to its original border.

    1804: As Garhwal Kingdom, tributoty state of Nepal, refused to pay annual leavy,  PM Bhimsen Thapa sent Army and conquered Gharhwal Kingdom all the way to Kangara Fort. But Shikh army of Ranjit singh re-captured the fort and border between Nepal and Sikh Empire established to be at Sutlej River.

    1806: PM Bhimsen Thapa asked Palpali King Prithvipal Sen to Kathmandu and captured and killed him effectively conquering Kingdom of Palpa into Nepal.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1814 : British East India Company declared war on Nepal. See Anglo Nepal war

    1816 March 14 : Sugaili Treaty ratified (signed 1815 Dec 2). Nepal lost all lands beyond Mechi and Kali River and All terai beteen Koshi and Mahakali [Sugauli Treaty Article 3 (i) (ii) (iii)]

    1816 Dec 8 : Complementary treaty signed which gave back Nepal's lost Terai lands except the one between Kali and Rapti.

    1857 Dec 10 : Jung Bahadur Rana send 15,000 troops to crush Sepoy Munity in British India. British Government in India gave back the Terai plains between Rapti and Mahakali. Which includes present day 4 westernmost terai districts Banke, Bardiya, Kailali & Kanchanpur.


    Timeline of Anglo-Nepal war aka Gurkha war
    fought between Nepal and British East India Company.

    1715: First christian mission Catholic Capuchin friars allowed in 3 city states in Nepal valley. King Prithvi Narayan Shah banned capuchins in 1769 after Kathmandu was conquered.

    1768 September 25: Gorkha King Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered Kathmandu setting the milestone of united Nepal. He continued unification process until his death in 1775 and after that his successors continued unification until 1804.

    1769: King Prithvi Narayan Shah banned christian capuchins priests from Nepal.

    1792: the first Nepal Britain commerce treaty signed.

    1799 Mar 23: King Rana bahadur abducted in favor of in infant son Girvan yudda at the age of 23 placing his first wife Raj Rajeshwari as the regent and went to Varanasi in 1800 May.

    1801 Oct 28: Treaty of Commerce and Alliance signed between Nepal and British EIC.

    1802 Apr 16: British resident Captain William O. Knox arrived Kathmandu. (li)

    1803 Mar 19: British resident Knox returned from Kathmandu.

    1804 Jan 24: British side unilaterally annulled the treaty of 1801.

    1804: Exiled king Rana Bahadur Shah with his aid Bhimesn Thapa returned Kathmandu and took control of the government. Regent Raj Rajeshwari exiled. Chief Kaji (PM) Damodar Pandey and his sons were executed in 1804 Mar 13.

    1804 AD: As Garhwal Kingdom in western frontier refused to pay Rs3000 annual levy as per treaty, Nepal conquered Garhwal under the military leadership of  Amar Singh Thapa (son), Bhakti Thapa and Hasti Dal Shah which took western border of Nepal all the way to Kangara. But by 1809 joint force of Sikh and Kangara King recaptured the Kangara fort which make western border of Nepal at Sutlej river.

    By this time Nepal's border was Bhutan in the East, Sikh Kingdom in the west, Tibet (Qing China) in the North and Oudh and Company rule in the south.

    1806 Apr 25: King Rana Bahadur shah killed by Sher Bahadur Shahi during a meeting. Within 2 weeks Bhimsen Thapa and his team killed all people (total 93) who could possibly connected to Sher Bahadur

    Prithvipal Sen, the last King of Palpa, who was at house arrest in Kathmandu was executed in the same day for being side of Sher Bahadur, which effectively merged Palpa Kingdom into Nepal. Butwal region was annexed by Palpa before that but Palpa was paying annual sum to Oudh and later to the company for that. As Palpa was merged into Nepal, this payment got interrupted and this became immediate cause of the war.

    1806 AD: After the Killing Bhimsen installed Tripurasundari, the youngest wife of Rana Bahadur, as the regent of King Girvan and got appointed himself as the Mukhtiyar (equivalent to PM) of Nepal.

    1811 AD: Bhimsen Thapa became General of Nepal Army.

    1813 Oct 4: Francis Rawdon-Hastings became Governor General of Fort William  (East India Company Rule).

    1814 Jan: Battle of Jit Gadhi: British troops under Major General Woods marched towards Jit Gadhi, Butwal and Tansen, Palpa with the help of ex palpali king. But they were badly defeated by Nepali forces and ultimately returned back to Gorakhpur, India.

    1814 Oct beginning: Major General David Ochterlony was the overall commander against Nepal. British troops began to move towards their depots and the army was soon after formed into four divisions: (1) at Danapur under Major-General Marley consisting 8,000 forces targeting Makwanpur to Capital Kathmandu (2) at Benares later moved to Gorakhpur under Major-General Wood consisting 4,494 men targeting Butwal and Kathmandu from west side (3) at Meerut under Major-General Gillespie consisting 3,513 men targeting Dehradun and (4) at Ludhiana under Brigadier-General Ochterlony consisting 5,993 men targeting far west.

    1814 Oct 31-Nov 30: Battle of Nalapani was the first battle started on Oct 31, a day before war officially declared. This happened in the western front present day Khalanga Fort, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Captain Balbhadra Kunwar lead the Nepali side and Major-General Rollo Gillespie and Colonel Sebright Mawbey lead the British side. Gillespie killed in the first day.

    1814 Nov 1: Britain declared war on Nepal.

    1814 Dec 24:Battle of Jaithak:  Major-General Martindell, who had assumed command of Gillespie’s forces, took possession of Nahan. and Battle of Jaithak fought after that. Jaithak fort is in Himanchal Pradesh.  Kazi Amar Singh Thapa’s son, Ranajor Singh Thapa, was the command here. In the first day of battle 300 british dead and wounded and Martindell refused to take any further initiative until month and half.

    1815 Apr 15: Battle of Malaun : Sardar Bhakti Thapa was commander in the western most front at Malaun Fort leading 2,000 Nepali solders. The fort is in present day Himanchal Pradesh, India @ 31°13'08"N 76°48'18"E. Major David Ochterlony was leading from opposite side. Bhakti Thapa was killed in this battle.

    1815 May 15: Westernmost frontiers fell under British.

    1815 Dec 2: Treaty of Sugauli drafted signed by Paris Bradshaw at Sugauli and sent to Nepal for approval within 15 day (as per article 9). But Nepal did not show enthusiasm for signing.

    1816 Jan: Britain prepared for second campaign targeting central and eastern Nepal as Nepal did not sign the treaty in the given time.

    1816 Feb 29: Colonel Kelly and Colonel O’Hollorah attacked and conquered Hariharpur Gadhi in Sindhuli, Nepal. Then instead of attacking Sindhuli gadhi they turned west towards Makwanpur gadhi.

    1816 Mar: British troop arrived at Makwanpur gadhi.

    1816 Mar 4: As British troop came close to Kathmandu, Nepal felt the pressure and ratified the treaty and gave that to Major General David Ochterlony in Makwanpur in March 4. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw.

    1816 Dec 8: Both parties signed subsequent treaty to return terai area between Mechi and Rapti.

    Edward Gardner became the first EIC's representative to Nepal and set his office in Lazimpat, Kathmandu.

    Treaty of Sugauli
    1. There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the East India company and Nepal.
    2. The king of Nepal will renounce all claim to the lands which were the subject of discussion between the two States before the war; and will acknowledge the right of the company to the sovereignty of those lands.
    3. The king of Nepal will cede to the East India company in perpetuity all the under mentioned territories: i) The whole of low lands between the rivers Kali and Rapti. ii) The whole of low lands between Rapti and Gandaki, except Butwal. iii) The whole of low lands between Gandaki and Koshi in which the authority of the East India company has been established. iv) The whole of low lands between the rivers Mechi and Burma. v) The whole of territories within the hills eastward of the Mechi river. The aforesaid territory shall be evacuated by the Gorkha troops within forty days from this date.
    4. With a view to indemnify the chiefs and Bhardars of Nepal, whose interest will suffer by the alienation of the lands ceded by the foregoing Article (No. 3 above), the East India company agrees to settle pensions to the aggregate amount of two lakhs of rupees per annum on such chiefs as may be decided by the king of Nepal.
    5. The king of Nepal renounces for himself, his heirs, and successors, all claim to the territories lying to the West of the River Kali, and engaged never to have any concern with the appointed rulers of those territories or the inhabitants thereof.
    6. The king of Nepal engages never to molest or disturb the king of Sikkim in the possession of his territories. If any difference shall arise between Nepal and Sikkim, it shall be referred to the arbitration of the East India company.
    7. The king of Nepal hereby engages never to take or retain in his service any British subject, nor the subject of any European or American State, without the consent of the British Government.
    8. In order to secure and improve the relations of amity and peace hereby established between Nepal and Britain (East India company), it is agreed that accredited Ministers from each shall reside at the court of the other.
    9. This treaty shall be ratified by the King of Nepal within 15 days from this date, and the ratification shall be delivered to Lt. Col. Bradshaw, who engages to obtain and deliver to the king the ratification of the Governor-General within 20 days, or sooner, if practicable.
    DONE at Sugauli, on the 2nd day of December 1815. PARIS BRADSHAW, LT.-COL., P.A.
    Received this treaty from Chandra Shekhar Upadhyaya, Agent on the part of the Raja of Nepal, in the valley of Makwanpoor, at half-past two o'clock p.m. on 4 March 1816, and delivered to them the Counterpart Treaty on behalf of the British Government.
    DD. OCHTERLONY, Agent, Governor-General Memorandum for the approval and acceptance of the Raja of Nepal, presented on 8 December 1816 ADVERTING to the amity and confidence subsisting with the Raja of Nepal, the British Government proposes to suppress as much as possible, the execution of certain Articles in the Treaty of Sugauli, which bear hard upon the Rajah as follows:

    With a view to gratify the Rajah in a point which he has much at heart, the British Government is willing to return the territories of Terai ceded to it by the Rajah in the Treaty, to wit, the whole Terai lands lying between the Rivers Kushwaha and Gandak, such as appertained to the Rajah before the late disagreement; excepting the disputed lands in the Jillas of Tirhoot and Sarun, and excepting such portions of territory as may occur on both sides for the purpose of settling a frontier, upon investigation by the respective Commissioners; and excepting such lands as may have been given in possession to any one by the British Government upon ascertainment of his rights subsequent to the cession of Terai to the Government. In case the Rajah is desirous of retaining the lands of such ascertained proprietors, they may be exchanged for others, and let it be clearly understood that, notwithstanding the considerable extent of the lands in the Jilla of Tirhoot, which have for a long time been a subject of dispute, the settlement made in the year 1812 of Christ, corresponding with year 1869 of Bikram Sambat, shall be taken, and everything else relinquished, that is to say, that the settlement and negotiations, such as occurred at that period, shall in the present case hold good and be established.

    The British Government is willing likewise to return the territories of Terai lying between the Rivers Gandak and Rapti, that is to say, from the River Gandak to the western limits of the Jilla of Gorakhpur, together with Butwal and Sheeraj, such as appertained to Nepal previous to the disagreements, complete, with the exception of the disputed places in the Terai, and such quantity of ground as may be considered mutually to be requisite for the new boundary.

    As it is impossible to establish desirable limits between the two States without survey, it will be expedient that Commissioners be appointed on both sides for the purpose of arranging in concert a well defined boundary on the basis of the preceding terms, and of establishing a straight line of frontier, with a view to the distinct separation of the respective territories of the British Government to the south and of Nepal to the north; and in case any indentations occur to destroy the even tenor of the line, the Commissioners should effect an exchange of lands so interfering on principles of clear reciprocity.[citation needed]

    And should it occur that the proprietors of lands situated on the mutual frontier, as it may be rectified, whether holding of the British Government of the Raja of Nepal, should be placed in the condition of subjects to both Governments, with a view to prevent continual dispute and discussion between the two Governments, the respective Commissioners should effect in mutual concurrence and co-operation the exchange of such lands, so as to render them subject to one dominion alone.

    In the event of the Rajah's approving the foregoing terms, the proposed arrangement for the survey and establishment of boundary marks shall be carried into execution, and after the determination in concert, of the boundary line, Sunnuds conformable to the foregoing stipulations, drawn out and sealed by the two States, shall be delivered and accepted on both sides.
    EDWARD GARDNER Resident Substance of a Letter under the Seal of the Raja of Nepal, received on 11 December 1816

    After compliments : I have comprehended the document under date 8 December 1816, or 4th of Push, 1873 Sambat, which you transmitted relative to the restoration, with a view to my friendship and satisfaction, of the Terai between the Rivers Kushwaha and Rapti to the southern boundary complete, such as appertained to my estate previous to the war. It mentioned that in the event of my accepting the terms contained in that document, the southern boundary of the Terai should be established as it was held by this Government.

    I have accordingly agreed to the terms laid down by you, and herewith enclose an instrument of agreement, which may be satisfactory to you. Moreover, it was written in the document transmitted by you, that it should be restored, with the exception of the disputed lands and such portion of land as should, in the opinion of the Commissioners on both sides, occur for the purpose of settling a boundary; and excepting the lands which, after the cessions of the Terai to the Honourable Company, may have been transferred by it to the ascertained proprietors. My friend, all these matters rest with you, and since it was also written that a view was had to my friendship and satisfactions with respect to certain Articles of the Treaty of Sugauli, which bore hard upon me, and which could be remitted, I am well assured that you have at heart the removal of whatever may tend to my distress, and that you will act in a manner corresponding to the advantage of this State and the increase of the friendly relations subsisting between the two Governments.

    Moreover I have to acknowledge the receipt of the orders under the red seal of this State, addressed to the officers of Terai between the Rivers Gandak and Rapti, for the surrender of that Terai, and their retiring from thence, which was given to you at Thankote, according to your request, and which you have now returned for my satisfaction.

    Substance of a Document under the Red Seal, received from the Durbar, on 11 December 1816 With regard to friendship and amity, the Government of Nepal agrees to the tenor of the document under date 8 December 1816 or 4th Poos 1873 Sambat which was received by the Durbar from the Honourable Edward Gardner on the part of the Honorable Company, respecting the revertance of the Terai between the Rivers Kushwaha and Rapti to the former southern boundary, such as appertained to Nepal previous to the war, with exception of the disputed lands.

    Dated the 7th of Push 1873 Sambat

    Tags: Gurkha war, Gorkha,
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    English name of Nepali spices, fruits & vegetables

    June 10, 2016, 6:56 pm
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    This is the list of spices, fruits, vegetables, lentils and cereals primarily used in Nepal or by Nepali diaspora throughout the world translated into english.

    Spices and Herbs

    अदुवा (Aduwa) = Ginger (sc: Zingiber officinale)
    अलैची (Alaichi) = Black-Cardamom
    अमला (Amala) = Goose berry
    अझिना (Ajina) = Ajinomoto / Umami taste by  monosodium glutamate (MSG)
    बदाम (Badaam) = Peanuts
    बेसार (Besar) = Turmeric (sc: Curcuma longa)
    बोझो (Bojho) = calamus/sweet flag (sc: Acorus calamus)
    Bire-Noon = Black-Salt
    दाल चिनी (Daal Chini) =Cinnamon 
    धनिया (दाना) (Dhaniya) = Coriander seed
    धनिया (पत्ता) (Dhaniya ko patta) = Cilantro / Coriander leaves
    हाडे बदाम (Hade-badaam) = Almonds
    हिङ्ग (Hing) = Asafoetida
    जिरा  (Jira) = Cumin
    ज्वानो (Jwano) = Lovage/ Ajwain /Carom Seed / Thyme
    जाईफल (Jaifal) = Netmug
    कागती (Kagati) = Lemon
    काजु (Kaju) = Cashew
    केसर (Kesar) = Saffron
    किसमिस (Kismis) = Raisin
    खोर्सानी (Khorsani) = Chilli
    लसुन (Lasun) = Garlik
    ल्वांग (Lwang) = Cloves
    मरिच (Marich) = Black papper
    मेथी (Methi) = Fenugreek (sc: Trigonella foenum-graecum)
    मिश्री (Mishri) = Rock Suger/ Rock Candy
    पानको पात (Paan) = Betel leaf (sc: Piper betle)
    पुदिना (Padina) = Mint
    प्याज (Pyaj) = Onion
    प्याज को पत्ता  (Pyaj ko patta) = Scallion
    सुकमेल  (Sukmel) = Green-Cardamom (sc: Elettaria cardamomum)
    सुपाडी (Supadi) = Areca-nut, Betel-nut
    तामा (Tama) = Bombo Soda
    तेज पत्ता (Tej Patta) = Bay leaf
    तील (Teel) = Seasame seed
    तित्री (Titri) / इम्ली (imli) = Tamarind
    टिमुर (Timur) = Red Pepper
    तुलसी (Tulsi) = Holy basil (sc: Ocimum tenuiflorum)
    सोयाबिन Soyabin, Soya wadi, nutrela (generic trademark) = Soya chunk

    Fruits, vegetables:-

    गाजर (Gaazar) = Carrots
    मुला (Mula) = Radish
    पालुङ्गो (Palungo) = Spinach
    बैगुन / भन्टा (Baigun / Bhanta)= Eggplant
    कुरिलो (Kurilo) = Asparagus
    फर्सी (Farsi) = Pumpkin
    बोडी (Bodi) = Black Eyed Peas

    आलुबखडा (Aalubakhada) = Plum (dry : Prunes)
    ऐंसेलु (Ainselu) = Raspberry
    अमला (Amala) = Goose berry
    अम्बक (Ambak / Ambaa) = Guava
    अनार  (Anaar) = Pomegranate
    अनारस (Anaras) = Pineapple
    अंगुर (Angur) = Grapes
    बयर (Bayar) = Greenberry
    बेल (Bel) = Wood Apple/ Stone apple (sc:  Aegle marmelos)
    हलुवाबेद (Haluwabed) = Persimmon
    काफल  (Kaaphal) = Bay berry
    खरबुजा (Kharbuja) = Watermelon
    किम्बु (Kimbu) = Mulberry
    कोला/ केरा (Kola / Kera) = Banana
    मेवा (Mewa) = Papaya
    नासपाती (Naspati) = Pear
    स्याउ (Syau) = Apple
    सुन्तला (Suntala) = Orange
    तरुल (Tarul) = Yam

    Lentil soups (दाल)/ Beans

    Gahat (गहतको दाल) = Horse gram lentils
    Mas / Kalo (कालो / मासको दाल) (urad)= Black gram bean / black lentil
    Musuro / Rato (मुसुरो / रातोको दाल) = Red lentils
    Rahar ko daal (रहर को दाल) (toor)= Pigeon pea
    Rajma (राजमा)=Red Kidni beans

    Aanaj/Anna (अनाज / अन्न) = Cereal

    Chaamal / Dhaan (चामल / धान) = Rice / Paddy
    > Cheura (च्युरा) = Beaten rice
    > Murai/bhuja (भुजा / मुरी /मुरै)= Puffed rice
    Gahun (गहुँ) = Wheat
    Jau (जौ) = Barley
    Kodo (कोदो) = Millet
    Fapar (फापर)= Buckwheat
    Makai (मकै)= Corn / Maize
    Suji (सुजी)= Semolina

    Pitho (पिठो)= Flour
    Gau ko pitho = wheat flour
    Makai ko Pitho = maize flour
    Chamal ko pitho = Rice flour
    Maida (मैदा)= refined flour/white flour/ all purpose flour(used for baking cakes, breads)


    Other:-

    Amliso (अम्लिसो) = Thysanolaena maxima [used as a broom]
    Dahi (दहि) = Yoghurt / Curd
    Toriko Tel (तोरीको तेल)  = Mustard Oil

    JalJeera = Jeera(Cumin)+Pudina(mint)+Dhaniya(Corrinder)+BireNoon(Black Salt)+AmChoor(Mango Powder)
    See also

    English names of Nepali common words
    Nepali words from taken loan foreign languages

    Tag: Masala, Hindi, Urdu, Marathi, abadhi, bhojpuri, maithili, Kannada, Tamil, spice
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    Timeline of medieval Nepal (1201AD-18th century)

    July 5, 2015, 6:09 am
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    This timeline includes the key events approximately from 1200 AD to 18th century.


    1201 AD: Aridev Malla became 1st malla king of Nepal Valley marking the start of Malla era in central Nepal.
    1206-1227 AD: rule of Genghis Khan who founded Mongol Empire in Asia. Later his grandson Kublai Khan (1260-1294) founded Yuan dynasty in China.
    1240-1354 AD: Mangol Empire and Yuan dyansty in China ruled Tibet. 

    1261: Araniko leading 80 Nepali artists went to China in the request of emperor Kublai khan.

    1296-1316 AD: Alauddin Khalji ruled Delhi Sultanate with which Khas Empire of Western Nepal shared their southern Border. 

    1312 AD: King Ripu Malla of Khas empire in western Nepal visited Lumbini. His stone inscription near Ashoka pillar in Lumbini is still in existence.

    1324 AD: Last king of Simarungarh (in South East Nepal) Harisingh Dev defeated by sultan Gayasudin Tuglak of Delhi Sultanate. King Harisingh dev left for Nepal valley with family for refuge.

    1350 AD: Sultan of Bengal Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (wiki) attacked and destroyed Kathmandu valley.

    1357 AD: King Prithvi Malla of Khas empire erected stone pillar in Dullu, western Nepal maintaining the family tree of khas dynasty on it.

    Prithvi Malla's stone monument written in Devnagari script
    Located in Dullu, State 6, Dailekh, Nepal

    1380s-early 1400s: Khas empire of western Nepal started to disband as kingdoms of Doti (1382), Dullu (1392), Jajarkot-Juktipur (1398), Salyan (1418) etc were established which ultimately turned in to Baaise and Cahubisi kingdoms, some 40 small principalities in Karnali, Very and Gandaki regions.

    1428 AD: Yakshya Malla (aka Jayayakshya) became the last malla king of united Nepal valley.
    1482 AD: united malla kingdom of central Nepal splinted. Ratna Malla, younger son of Yakshya malla, became King of Kantipur (present day Kathmandu) and Raya Malla became king of Bhaktapur.

    1498 AD: Vasco De Gama arrived in India from Portugal.
    1503-06 AD: Leonardo Da Vinci created the famous painting of Mona Lisa.
    1553 AD: United kingdom of Palpa in central & eastern Nepal splinted. Kingdom of Makwanpur established in south eastern Nepal led by King Lohang Sen.

    1559 AD: Drabya Shah became the 1st king of Principality of Gorkha (a small kingdom in Chaubisi region) establishing the "Shah house".
    1564-1616 AD: life span of William Shakespeare, the greatest writer in English literature.
    1609 AD: King Lohang Sen of Makwanpur also became king of Bijayapur in eastern Nepal effectively controlling whole east and south central Nepal.
    1612 AD: British East India Company made trade agreement with Mughal emperor Jahangir setting the first proper foothold in India.
    1644-1922: Qing dynasty ruled China, also annexed Tibet into China in 1720.
    1661: Jesuit Fathers Johann Grueber and Albert d'Orville reported that they reached  "Cadmendu", the capital of Nepal kingdom during their travel from Tibet to India.
    Unification of Nepal

    1743 AD: King Prithvi Narayan Shah, the Great ascended to the throne of Principality of Gorkha.
    1744 AD: King PN Shah started his unification process with the first attack on Nuwakot.
    1768 AD: Gorkha conquered Kathmandu marking the foundation of united kingdom of Nepal. King Shah moved his capital city from Gorkha to Kathmandu.

    1776 AD: USA declared independence from Great Britain.
    1788-1792 AD: first Nepal-Tibet, China war. Treaty of Betrawati signed.
    1804-14 AD: Napoleon Bonaparte ruled French Empire.
    1814-16: Anglo-Nepal war.
    1816 Mar 4: Treaty of Sugauli signed between Nepal and East India company.
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